Medical savings accounts in Singapore: how much is adequate?

While many studies have examined the cost-containment aspect of medical savings accounts (MSA), few have investigated the adequacy of MSA to finance the health care expenditure. This paper estimates the present value of lifetime healthcare expenses (PVHE) of the Singaporean male and female elderly upon retirement at age 62. The estimation involves calibrating the stream of future healthcare expenditure; stochastic forecasting of cohort survival probabilities; discounting the projected lifetime healthcare expenditure.