Exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and prostate cancer among U.S. adult men.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is the second most diagnosed male malignancy in the U.S. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a commonly used herbicide and potential carcinogen.

5α-reductase inhibitors with or without alpha-blockers and risk of incident upper tract urothelial carcinoma in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of US insurance claims data.

Background: Increasing data suggests that androgen receptor signaling may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of urothelial cancers. While the chemoprotective effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARi) on bladder cancer risk in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) has been explored with conflicting results, the evidence regarding 5-ARi treatment, and the risk of incident Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (UTUC) development is lacking. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the impact of the 5-ARi administration on the incidence of new UTUC cases using a large US database.

Assessing Artificial Intelligence-Generated Responses to Urology Patient In-Basket Messages.

Introduction: Electronic patient messaging utilization has increased in recent years and has been associated with physician burnout. ChatGPT is a language model that has shown the ability to generate near-human level text responses. This study evaluated the quality of ChatGPT responses to real-world urology patient messages.

Sociodemographic Trends and Perinatal Outcomes in Fathers 50 Years and Older.

Importance: The age of fathers at childbirth is rising, with an increasing number of births attributed to older fathers. While the impact of advanced paternal age has been documented, sociodemographic data about fathers aged 50 years and older remain scarce.

Objectives: To explore sociodemographic and temporal trends among the oldest US fathers (age ≥50 years) and their associations with perinatal outcomes.

Factors associated with dating app use for sexual "hookups" in the United States: insights from the National Survey of Family Growth.

Background: The use of dating applications for matchmaking and sexual exploits ("hookups") has increased, and this modern phenomenon has supplanted traditional socialization and relationship formation. To date, sociodemographic data on the use of dating apps has been limited.

Aim: In this study, we sought to identify predictors associated with the use of dating apps in the United States.

A Case of Reverse McConnell's Sign Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Septic Shock.

We present a case of reverse McConnell's sign, a rare echocardiographic finding of right ventricular apical hypokinesis and basal hyperkinesis, in a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. Although multiple etiologies were hypothesized, providers attributed this cardiomyopathy to increased right heart afterload from hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Cardiac function normalized as the patient's respiratory failure and sepsis resolved.

Falls are an underappreciated driver of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis.

Content available: Author Interview and Audio Recording.

Differences in management of pregnant women with obstructing infected ureteral stones: A population-based analysis.

Objectives: Obstructing ureteral stones complicated by urinary tract infection are urologic emergencies that require prompt decompression. We explore the association of pregnancy with rates of and delays in decompression in a cohort of women of reproductive age.

Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2015, a cross-sectional, descriptive analysis of women of reproductive age (15 to 44 years old) diagnosed with obstructing ureteral stones and urinary tract infection was performed and stratified by pregnancy status.

A population-based analysis of predictors of penile surgical intervention among inpatients with acute priapism.

While consensus exists regarding risk factors for priapism, predictors of operative intervention are less well established. We assessed patient and hospital-level predictors associated with penile surgical intervention (PSI) for patients admitted with acute priapism, as well as length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges using the National Inpatient Sample (2010-2015). Inpatients with acute priapism were stratified by PSI, defined as penile shunts, incisions, and placement of penile prostheses, exclusive of irrigation procedures.

Exploring the Use of Exchange Transfusion in the Surgical Management of Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease: A Population-Based Analysis.

Introduction: Priapism is a urologic emergency that may require surgical intervention in cases refractory to supportive care. Exchange transfusion (ET) has been previously used to manage sickle cell disease (SCD), including in priapism; however, its utilization in the context of surgical intervention has not been well-established.

Aim: To explore the utilization of ET, as well as other patient and hospital-level factors, associated with surgical intervention for SCD-induced priapism METHODS: Using the National Inpatient Sample (2010-2015), males diagnosed with SCD and priapism were stratified by need for surgical intervention.

Intraoperative blood pressure lability carries a higher risk of headache after carotid endarterectomy.

Objective: Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) is a rare but potentially devastating complication after carotid endarterectomies (CEA). Its symptoms range from new-onset unilateral headache (HA) to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Risk factors for CHS in the literature to date have not yet yielded a consensus.

Hospital Ownership, Geographic Region, Patient Age, Comorbidities, and Insurance Status Appear to Influence Patient Selection Robot-Assisted Ureteral Reimplantation for Benign Disease: A Population-Based Analysis.

Robot-assisted ureteral reimplantation (RAUR) is a relatively new minimally invasive procedure. As such, research is lacking, and the largest adult cohort studies include fewer than 30 patients. Our aim was to be the first population-based study to report on national utilization trends, factors associated with patient selection, inpatient outcomes, and the relative cost of RAUR for adults with benign ureteral disease (BUD).

A Novel Risk Prediction Model to Triage Difficult Urethral Catheterizations.

Objective: To construct a risk prediction model to identify cases of difficult urethral catheterizations (DUC) in order to prevent complications from improper placement.

Materials And Methods: Using a single-institution database of urologic consults for Foley catheterizations from June 2016 to January 2020, a model to predict DUC in male patients was constructed. DUC was defined as requiring the use of a guidewire, cystoscopy, urethral dilation, and/or suprapubic tube (SPT) placement, while a simple Foley was defined as an uncomplicated placement of a regular or coudé catheter.

A population-based analysis of risk factors and outcomes of prostatic abscess.

Background: Prostate abscess is a severe complication of acute bacterial prostatitis. To date, a population-based analysis of risk factors and outcomes of prostatic abscess has not been performed.

Methods: Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2010 to 2015, we identified rates of prostatic abscess among non-elective hospitalizations for acute prostatitis.

Silicone injection-induced granuloma formation, hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis: a case report.

Hypercalcemia and nephrolithiasis have been associated with various etiologies, including dysregulation of the parathyroid glands, malignancies, or sarcoidosis. Other causes of hypercalcemia, such as granulomatous disease resulting from silicone-based cosmetic injections, have been reported but without specific emphasis on nephrolithiasis. Herein, we report an unusual case of simultaneous bilateral obstructing ureteral calculi (SBUC) triggered by recalcitrant hypercalcemia and granulomatous disease due to silicone-based cosmetic injections.

Influence of biochar and soil properties on soil and plant tissue concentrations of Cd and Pb: A meta-analysis.

The application of biochar to soils contaminated with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) has received particular attention due to its ability to reduce PTE uptake by the plants. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify Cd and Pb concentrations in plant shoots and roots in response to biochar application and soil properties. We collected data from 65 peer-reviewed journal articles published from 2009 to 2020 in which 66% of manuscripts were published from 2015 to 2020.

Outcome Disparities Among Men and Women With COVID-19: An Analysis of the New York City Population Cohort.

Background: Growing evidence suggests a possible sex disparity in COVID-19 disease related outcomes.

Objective: To explore the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and outcomes using New York City (NYC) population level data.

Setting: NYC surveillance data from February 29 to June 12, 2020.

Host Cathelicidin Exacerbates Group B Urinary Tract Infection.

Group B (GBS) causes frequent urinary tract infection (UTI) in susceptible populations, including individuals with type 2 diabetes and pregnant women; however, specific host factors responsible for increased GBS susceptibility in these populations are not well characterized. Here, we investigate cathelicidin, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, known to be critical for defense during UTI with uropathogenic (UPEC). We observed a loss of antimicrobial activity of human and mouse cathelicidins against GBS and UPEC in synthetic urine and no evidence for increased cathelicidin resistance in GBS urinary isolates.

Augmentation of Urinary Lactoferrin Enhances Host Innate Immune Clearance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prominent global health care burden. Although UTI is readily treated with antibiotics in healthy adults, complicated cases in immune-compromised individuals and the emerging antibiotic resistance of several uropathogens have accelerated the need for new treatment strategies. Here, we surveyed the composition of urinary exosomes in a mouse model of uropathgenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) UTI to identify specific urinary tract defense constituents for therapeutic development.

A contemporary population-based analysis of the incidence, cost, and outcomes of postoperative delirium following major urologic cancer surgeries.

Purpose: Postoperative delirium (PD) is associated with poor outcomes and increased health care costs. The incidence, outcomes, and cost of delirium for major urologic cancer surgeries have not been previously characterized in a population-based analysis.

Materials And Methods: We performed a population-based, retrospective cohort study of patients with PD at 490 US hospitals between 2003 and 2013 to evaluate the incidence, outcomes, and cost of delirium after radical prostatectomy, radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, and radical cystectomy (RC).

Associations of specific postoperative complications with costs after radical cystectomy.

Objective: To quantify the financial impact of complications after radical cystectomy (RC) and their associations with respective 90-day costs, as RC is a morbid surgery plagued by complications and the expenditure attributed to specific complications after RC is not well characterised.

Patients And Methods: We used the Premier Hospital Database (Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC, USA) to identify 9 137 RC patients (weighted population of 57 553) from 360 hospitals between 2003 and 2013.

Cyclophilin A (CypA) interacts with NF-κB subunit, p65/RelA, and contributes to NF-κB activation signaling.

Background: Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A (CypA) plays important roles in signaling, protein translocation, inflammation, and cancer formation. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which CypA exerts its effects. C57BL/6 Ppia (encoding CypA)-deficient embryonic fibroblasts show reduced activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), the p65/RelA subunit, suggesting that CypA may mediate modulation of NF-κB activity to exert its biological effects.