Predicting amyloid positivity from FDG-PET images using radiomics: A parsimonious model.

Background And Objective: Amyloid plaques are one of the physical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. The objective of this study is to predict amyloid positivity non-invasively from FDG-PET images using a radiomics approach.

Methods: We obtained FDG-PET images of 301 individuals from various groups, including control normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), from the ADNI database.

Interpretable radiomics method for predicting human papillomavirus status in oropharyngeal cancer using Bayesian networks.

Objectives: To develop a simple interpretable Bayesian Network (BN) to classify HPV status in patients with oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods: Two hundred forty-six patients, 216 of whom were HPV positive, were used in this study. We extracted 851 radiomics markers from patients' contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) images.

An improved platform for cultured neuronal network electrophysiology: multichannel optogenetics integrated with MEAs.

Cultured neuronal networks (CNNs) are powerful tools for studying how neuronal representation and adaptation emerge in networks of controlled populations of neurons. To ensure the interaction of a CNN and an artificial setting, reliable operation in both open and closed loops should be provided. In this study, we integrated optogenetic stimulation with microelectrode array (MEA) recordings using a digital micromirror device and developed an improved research tool with a 64-channel interface for neuronal network control and data acquisition.

Hypoxia-Related Radiomics and Immunotherapy Response: A Multicohort Study of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy yields survival benefit for some advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Because highly predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response are an unmet clinical need, we used pretreatment radiomics and clinical data to train and validate a parsimonious model associated with survival outcomes among NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy.

Methods: Three cohorts of NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy were analyzed: training (n = 180), validation 1 (n = 90), and validation 2 (n = 62).

Improving the detectability of overactive glands in dual-phase parathyroid SPECT/CT: a Monte Carlo simulation study.

. SPECT-CT is a standard procedure conducted before minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of primary hyperthyroidism. In order to improve image quality, it is important to know how defect detectability is influenced by acquisition and processing parameters.

Adult mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons form aberrant glutamatergic connections in dissociated cultures.

Cultured sensory neurons can exhibit complex activity patterns following stimulation in terms of increased excitability and interconnected responses of multiple neurons. Although these complex activity patterns suggest a network-like configuration, research so far had little interest in synaptic network formation ability of the sensory neurons. To identify interaction profiles of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) neurons and explore their putative connectivity, we developed an in vitro experimental approach.

Design and evaluation of an accurate CNR-guided small region iterative restoration-based tumor segmentation scheme for PET using both simulated and real heterogeneous tumors.

Tumor delineation accuracy directly affects the effectiveness of radiotherapy. This study presents a methodology that minimizes potential errors during the automated segmentation of tumors in PET images. Iterative blind deconvolution was implemented in a region of interest encompassing the tumor with the number of iterations determined from contrast-to-noise ratios.

Stability and reproducibility of computed tomography radiomic features extracted from peritumoral regions of lung cancer lesions.

Purpose: Recent efforts have demonstrated that radiomic features extracted from the peritumoral region, the area surrounding the tumor parenchyma, have clinical utility in various cancer types. However, as like any radiomic features, peritumoral features could also be unstable and/or nonreproducible. Hence, the purpose of this study was to assess the stability and reproducibility of computed tomography (CT) radiomic features extracted from the peritumoral regions of lung lesions where stability was defined as the consistency of a feature by different segmentations, and reproducibility was defined as the consistency of a feature to different image acquisitions.

Novel clinical and radiomic predictors of rapid disease progression phenotypes among lung cancer patients treated with immunotherapy: An early report.

Objectives: Immune-checkpoint blockades have exhibited durable responses and improved long-term survival in a subset of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, highly predictive markers of positive and negative responses to immunotherapy are a significant unmet clinical need. The objective of this study was to identify clinical and computational image-based predictors of rapid disease progression phenotypes in NSCLC patients treated with immune-checkpoint blockades.

Hypoxia and acidosis: immune suppressors and therapeutic targets.

Due to imbalances between vascularity and cellular growth patterns, the tumour microenvironment harbours multiple metabolic stressors including hypoxia and acidosis, which have significant influences on remodelling both tumour and peritumoral tissues. These stressors are also immunosuppressive and can contribute to escape from immune surveillance. Understanding these effects and characterizing the pathways involved can identify new targets for therapy and may redefine our understanding of traditional anti-tumour therapies.

Radial gradient and radial deviation radiomic features from pre-surgical CT scans are associated with survival among lung adenocarcinoma patients.

The goal of this study was to extract features from radial deviation and radial gradient maps which were derived from thoracic CT scans of patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and assess whether these features are associated with overall survival. We used two independent cohorts from different institutions for training (n= 61) and test (n= 47) and focused our analyses on features that were non-redundant and highly reproducible. To reduce the number of features and covariates into a single parsimonious model, a backward elimination approach was applied.

Implementation and statistical evaluation of a web-based software for bone age assessment.

Bone age assessment is a tedious procedure carried out for assessing growth disorders of children using the left hand radiograph. The purpose of this work was to implement and evaluate a web-based software based on the Tanner and Whitehouse method in a pediatric endocrine department of a social security hospital processing 600-1,000 radiographs per year. The system was evaluated by using a statistical technique for comparing measurement methods in order to test the performance of the procedure and a time study to assess its feasibility under local conditions.