Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate at 1.5 versus 3.0T: A prospective comparison study of image quality.

Objectives: This study prospectively evaluates objective image quality (IQ), subjective IQ, and PI-RADS scoring of prostate MRI at 3.0T (3T) and 1.5T (1.

Applying the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay to study treatment approaches in urothelial carcinoma.

Background: Rapid development of novel treatment options demands valid preclinical screening models for urothelial carcinoma (UC). The translational value of high-throughput drug testing using 2-dimensional (2D) cultures is limited while for xenograft models handling efforts and costs often become prohibitive for larger-scale drug testing. Therefore, we investigated to which extent the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay might provide an alternative model to study antineoplastic treatment approaches for UC.

The influence of HIV infection on the age dependence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in South Africa.

Background: Cancer incidence typically increases with age, but it is not known whether ethnic characteristics influence the age dependence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (SCC).

Objectives: (i) To determine the age dependence of SCC in the black African, coloured and white population groups of South Africa (SA); and (ii) to show whether any differences in the rate of change of age dependence could be influenced by diversity in behaviour and lifestyle, especially with regard to the prevalence of HIV infection, rather than by a fundamental variation in cancer biology between the populations.

Methods: Linear regression analysis was applied to the logarithm of the age-specific incidence rates for SCC v.

Indoor Temperatures in Patient Waiting Rooms in Eight Rural Primary Health Care Centers in Northern South Africa and the Related Potential Risks to Human Health and Wellbeing.

Increased temperatures affect human health and vulnerable groups including infants, children, the elderly and people with pre-existing diseases. In the southern African region climate models predict increases in ambient temperature twice that of the global average temperature increase. Poor ventilation and lack of air conditioning in primary health care clinics, where duration of waiting time may be as long as several hours, pose a possible threat to patients seeking primary health care.

Sun protection to improve vaccine effectiveness in children in a high ambient ultraviolet radiation and rural environment: an intervention study.

Background: Vaccination is a mainstay of preventive healthcare, reducing the incidence of serious childhood infections. Ecological studies have demonstrated an inverse association between markers of high ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure (e.g.

Residual tumor resection (RTR).

Residual tumor resection in patients with advanced testicular tumor plays a vital role in the multimodal treatment. Treatment indications for residual tumor resection have changed over the last two decades. While patients with advanced seminoma after chemotherapy or radiotherapy rarely need surgery, it is mandatory for most non-seminomatous tumor patients to undergo post-chemotherapy tumor resection.

Assessing the potential of inorganic anions (Cl, NO, SO and PO) to increase the bioaccessibility of emitted palladium in the environment: Experimental studies with soils and a Pd model substance.

Palladium (Pd) emitted from vehicles equipped with exhaust catalytic converters has been accumulating at a greater rate relative to other platinum group elements (PGE) in the last 10-20 years. Little is known, however, regarding the various environmental factors and conditions which are likely to modulate the chemical behavior and bioaccessibility of this element post-emission. To meet data needs, soils and a Pd model substance were treated with solutions containing common anions (Cl, NO, SO und PO) to shed light on the geochemical behavior of emitted Pd under ambient conditions.

11C-acetate positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for detection of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer.

Objectives: To evaluate, in a prospective study, the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT)-matched 11C-acetate (AC) positron-emission tomography (PET) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who had prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT).

Patients And Methods: In 103 relapsing patients after RP (n = 97) or RT (n = 6) AC-PET images and CT scans were obtained. In patients with AC-PET-positive results with localized PCa recurrence, detected lesions were resected and histologically verified or, after local RT, followed-up by PSA testing.

[Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer : Clinical data, new treatment options and therapy monitoring].

Therapies currently available in Germany for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) include docetaxel, cabazitaxel, abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and radium-223, all of which offer a potential survival benefit that adds up in their sequential application to a significant overall survival benefit. However, the optimal sequencing of these agents is still unclear. In the absence of evidence, treatment selection is based on the particular situation and on comorbid conditions of each individual patient.

Students' Perceived Heat-Health Symptoms Increased with Warmer Classroom Temperatures.

Temperatures in Africa are expected to increase by the end of the century. Heat-related health impacts and perceived health symptoms are potentially a problem, especially in public schools with limited resources. Students (n = 252) aged ~14-18 years from eight high schools completed an hourly heat-health symptom log over 5 days.

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Versus Mexameter(®) MX18 Measurements of Melanin and Erythema in an African Population.

Melanin provides protection against excess exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and related adverse health effects. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) can be used to calculate cutaneous melanin and erythema, but this is complex and has been mostly used for light-to-medium pigmented skin. Handheld reflectance spectrophotometers, such as the Mexameter(®) MX18, can also be used.

Impact of Prior Platinum-Based Therapy on Patients Receiving Salvage Systemic Treatment for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Trials of salvage therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma have required prior platinum-based therapy. This practice requires scrutiny because non-platinum-based first-line therapy may be offered to cisplatin-ineligible patients.

Patients And Methods: Data of patients receiving salvage systemic chemotherapy were collected.

Perspectives on sipuleucel-T: Its role in the prostate cancer treatment paradigm.

Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy approved in the US for patients with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This significant advance for mCRPC treatment provides healthcare professionals with another effective therapy to extend survival. As an immunotherapy, sipuleucel-T possesses specific characteristics differentiating it from traditional therapies.

[Self-concept and erectile dysfunction in 45-year-old men : Results of a corollary study of the PROBASE trial].

Background: Self-concept consists of self-perceptions and is influenced by the life course of the person.

Objectives: This study investigated associations between self-concept and erectile dysfunction (ED) in 45-year-old German men.

Materials And Methods: Forty-five-year-old, heterosexual men who had participated in the PROBASE-study were included.

Characterisation of the surface of freshly prepared precious metal catalysts.

A combination of electron microscopy, X-ray and neutron spectroscopies and computational methods has provided new insights into the species present on the surface of freshly prepared precious metal catalysts. The results show that in all cases, at least half of the surface is metallic or nearly so, with the remainder covered by oxygen, largely as hydroxide. Water is also present and is strongly held; weeks of pumping under high vacuum is insufficient to remove it.

Quality of life in patients with cisplatin-resistant urothelial cancer: Typical ailments and effect of paclitaxel-based salvage therapy.

Introduction: Efficacy of palliative second-line treatment in patients suffering from advanced urothelial cancer (aUC) is limited. Accordingly, careful observation of patient-reported and treatment-related changes of quality of life (QoL) is mandatory. Therefore, we evaluated "typical" ailments and treatment related QoL changes in these patients.

Knowledge and practice of sun protection in schools in South Africa where no national sun protection programme exists.

Interventions in primary schools that increase sun-protective behaviours and decrease ultraviolet radiation exposure, sunburn incidence and skin cancer risk can be effective. SunSmart School Accreditation Programmes (SSAP) are recommended. Prior to SSAP implementation in South Africa, we explored the feasibility of obtaining national baseline information and investigated possible associations between strategies regarding sun protection in schools and students' responses to a questionnaire.

Targeted MRI-guided prostate biopsy: are two biopsy cores per MRI-lesion required?

Purpose: This study evaluates the feasibility of performing less than two core biopsies per MRI-lesion when performing targeted MR-guided in-bore prostate biopsy.

Methods: Retrospectively evaluated were 1545 biopsy cores of 774 intraprostatic lesions (two cores per lesion) in 290 patients (66 ± 7.8 years; median PSA 8.

[PREFERE - Study on the rise].

The PREFERE study, which compares the treatment options for prostate cancer with low and early intermediate risk, has recorded a noticeable upswing in recruitment since mid-2015. Responsible for this are the revised inclusion criteria and the wide support for this study in Germany. The inclusion criteria opened the study to the use of imaging techniques (MRI, C‑Trus / Anna) and the inclusion of all Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 cancers, regardless of tumor extent.