In vitro evaluation of human intravenous immunoglobulin in combination with antimicrobials and human serum against multidrug-resistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii.

The high incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has been a challenge for health worldwide, due to the reduction of therapeutic options, making the use of antimicrobial combinations necessary for the treatment, such as meropenem, amikacin, and colistin. Antibodies against bacterial species, mainly immunoglobulins G (IgG), are produced for acting as effector mechanisms (neutralization, opsonization, phagocytosis, and complement system activation). Some studies have demonstrated promising results of IgG in combination with antimicrobial preparations against bacterial infections, in which the direct action of IgG has restored the immune system balance.

Definition of the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis: Ecology and mapping in endemic area of Northeast Brazil.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Pernambuco. Aiming to determine the vector species of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the Northeast region of Brazil, this study aimed to use the spatial mapping of human cases of CL and correlate with ecological studies of the vectors in the municipality of Timbaúba, Pernambuco, Brazil. Individuals infected with CL were recruited through active search in their homes and clinically and serologically diagnosed during the period from 2018 to 2019.

RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH AMERICAN CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA OF BRAZIL.

Brazil is among the top five countries worldwide regarding the number of cases of leishmaniasis, which are present in all of the regions of the country. The northeastern region continues to have higher numbers of cases every year and in the state of Pernambuco, 34% of the municipalities are endemic for this disease. The diversity of vectors, reservoirs and etiological agents, in association with socioeconomic and environmental conditions, gives rise to factors that can modify the behavior of American cutaneous leishmaniasis.