Parvalbumin gates chronic pain through the modulation of firing patterns in inhibitory neurons.

Spinal cord dorsal horn inhibition is critical to the processing of sensory inputs, and its impairment leads to mechanical allodynia. How this decreased inhibition occurs and whether its restoration alleviates allodynic pain are poorly understood. Here, we show that a critical step in the loss of inhibitory tone is the change in the firing pattern of inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons (PVNs).

Loss of SLC9A6/NHE6 impairs nociception in a mouse model of Christianson syndrome.

Children diagnosed with Christianson syndrome (CS), a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, ataxia, and mutism, also suffer from hyposensitivity to pain. This places them at risk of sustaining serious injuries that often go unattended. Christianson syndrome is caused by mutations in the alkali cation/proton exchanger SLC9A6/NHE6 that regulates recycling endosomal pH homeostasis and trafficking.

TACAN Is an Ion Channel Involved in Sensing Mechanical Pain.

Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, is a fundamental process underlying essential physiological functions such as touch and pain sensing, hearing, and proprioception. Although the mechanisms for some of these functions have been identified, the molecules essential to the sense of pain have remained elusive. Here we report identification of TACAN (Tmem120A), an ion channel involved in sensing mechanical pain.

Recruitment of Spinoparabrachial Neurons by Dorsal Horn Calretinin Neurons.

The dorsal horn of the spinal cord is the first integration site of somatosensory inputs from the periphery. In the superficial layers of the dorsal horn, nociceptive inputs are processed by a complex network of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons whose function and connectivity remain poorly understood. We examined the role of calretinin-expressing interneurons (CR neurons) in such processing and show that they receive direct inputs from nociceptive fibers and polysynaptic inputs from touch-sensitive Aβ fibers.

Lionfish venom elicits pain predominantly through the activation of nonpeptidergic nociceptors.

The lionfish (Pterois volitans) is a venomous invasive species found in the Caribbean and Northwestern Atlantic. It poses a growing health problem because of the increase in frequency of painful stings, for which no treatment or antidote exists, and the long-term disability caused by the pain. Understanding the venom's algogenic properties can help identify better treatment for these envenomations.