Risk Factors, Radiological and Clinical Outcomes in Subclinical and Clinical Pituitary Apoplexy.

Background: Pituitary apoplexy (PA) can be symptomatic, namely acute apoplexy (APA), or asymptomatic or subclinical (SPA).

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of the patients with APA compared to SPA Patients and methods: Retrospective, longitudinal database analysis.

Results: We identified 58 patients with PA, and 37 accomplished the inclusion criteria (17 men, median age 47.

When Sugar Reaches the Liver: Phenotypes of Patients with Diabetes and NAFLD.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been traditionally linked to one another. Recent studies suggest that NAFLD may be increasingly common in other types of diabetes such as type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and less frequently ketone-prone and Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) diabetes. In this review, we address the relationship between hyperglycemia and insulin resistance and the onset and progression of NAFLD.

GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Diabetic Kidney Disease: From Physiology to Clinical Outcomes.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Despite the widespread use of nephroprotective treatment of T2D, the incidence of DKD is increasing, and it is expected to become the fifth cause of death worldwide within 20 years. Previous studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have improved macrovascular and microvascular outcomes independent of glycemic differences, including DKD.

The Gaze Fixation Assessed by Microperimetry: A Useful Tool for the Monitoring of the Cognitive Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Unlabelled: Current guidelines recommend annual screening for cognitive impairment in patients > 65 years with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The most used tool is the mini-mental state evaluation (MMSE). Retinal microperimetry is useful for detecting cognitive impairment in these patients, but there is no information regarding its usefulness as a monitoring tool.

Differential structural features in soleus and gastrocnemius of carnitine-treated cancer cachectic rats.

Muscle wasting is associated with chronic diseases and cancer. Elucidation of the biological mechanism involved in the process of muscle mass loss and cachexia may help identify therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that l-carnitine treatment may differentially revert muscle fiber atrophy and other structural alterations in slow- and fast-twitch limb muscles of rats bearing the Yoshida ascites hepatoma.