Origin of fecal contamination in lettuce and strawberries: From microbial indicators, molecular markers, and .

Around 2 billion people utilize a water source contaminated with fecal-origin microorganisms, used for both human consumption and irrigation of crops. In Colombia, the water from the Bogotá River is employed for irrigating agricultural products, including raw-consumption foods like strawberries and lettuce. This poses a risk to the end consumer, as these foods are marketed as fresh products ready for direct consumption without undergoing any disinfection or cooking treatment.

Bacteriophages of .

The bacterium colonize the stomach in approximately half of the world's population. Infection with this bacterium is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Besides being a pathogen with worldwide prevalence, show increasingly high antibiotic resistance rates, making the development of new therapeutic strategies against this bacterium challenging.

Helicobacter pylori: Multiple resistance in patients from Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: The main cause for Helicobacter pylori infection treatment failure is antibiotic resistance, where clarithromycin and metronidazole play the main role. In Colombia, primary resistance as a consequence of the use of these two antibiotics and excessive levofloxacin use is above the accepted limit (13.6%, 83%, and 16%, respectively).

Correlation among fecal indicator bacteria and physicochemical parameters with the presence of Helicobacter pylori DNA in raw and drinking water from Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: The quality of raw and drinking water is a matter of considerable concern due to the possibility of fecal contamination. To assess the quality and public health risk of different types of water, the fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are used. However, some pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori, may be present in water when FIB cannot be found.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in drinking water treatment plants in Bogotá, Colombia, using cultural and molecular techniques.

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common causes of chronic bacterial infection in humans, and a predisposing factor for peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. The infection has been consistently associated with lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation. H.

[Frequency of Helicobacter pylori nitroreductase RdxA mutations for metronidazole activation in a population in the Cauca Department, Colombia].

Introduction: Resistance to metronidazole is a key factor associated with Helicobacter pylori treatment failure. Even though resistance is mostly associated with RdxA nitroreductase mutations, studies of this H. pylori protein in Popayán (Colombia) are still incipient.

Improved allele-specific PCR assays for detection of clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistant of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies: identification of N87I mutation in GyrA.

Molecular testing can rapidly detect Helicobacter pylori susceptibility using gastric biopsies. Allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (ASP-PCR) was used to identify H. pylori 23S rRNA and gyrA mutation using gastric biopsies from Colombian patients and confirmed by PCR and sequencing of the 23S rRNA and gyrA genes.

[Determination of single nucleotide mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of Helicobacter pylori related to clarithromycin resistance in a population from Cauca, Colombia].

Introduction: Antibiotic combination therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori should be based on local resistance patterns.

Objective: To d etermine the resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin in a population from Cauca province, through the identification of mutations in the 23S rRNA gene in DNA from gastric biopsies.

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of clarithromycin-resistant Helicobacter pylori from Bogotá D.C., Colombia.

Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin is the most common cause of treatment failure in patients with H. pylori infections. This study describes the MICs and the presence of 23S rRNA mutations of H.

Sequential statistical improvement of the liquid cultivation of Helicobacter pylori.

Background: Colonization of the gastric mucosa by Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important causes of acute and chronic gastric pathologies in humans. Achieving the growth of H. pylori in liquid media is of great importance in the development of clinical studies.

Virus diversity of acute diarrhea in tropical highlands.

Infectious acute diarrhea (IAD) is an important health problem affecting a large number of Latin-American children. Several reports show that bacteria, parasites and virus are involved in the burden of this disease. Most reports reveal Rotavirus A as the responsible etiological agent, at the same time, there seems to be some correlation between IAD and seasonal weather changes.

Immune responses to isolated human skin antigens in actinic prurigo.

Background: Actinic prurigo (AP) is a frequent photodermatosis among Amerindians, with a high incidence among women and children below ten years of age. Neither the cause of actinic prurigo nor its etiological agent have been described. Not much is known about the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease, although associations with the human leucocitary antigens (HLA) and local immune responses seem to play an important role in its expression, as is the case in other skin autoimmune disorders, such as pemphigus and psoriasis.