Factors influencing choice of residency program among medical intern doctors and medical students: a cross-sectional survey.

Introduction: The global shortage of healthcare professionals is a critical concern, with an estimated deficit of 18 million workers by 2030, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Oman faces challenges with its doctor-to-population ratio falling below the global average. This study examines the factors influencing residency program choices among Omani medical students and interns, with a specific focus on internal medicine.

Emergency admission preceding malignancy diagnosis: Insights from a study at a tertiary care hospital.

Background: A considerable number of cancer patients are diagnosed following presentation at emergency department with symptoms related to their condition, yet research in this area remains scarce. This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics and evaluate the health outcomes of patients who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of cancer.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed data for patients diagnosed with cancer postemergency department presentation at a tertiary care hospital between 2015 to 2021.

Roles of Different Signaling Pathways in Virulence.

is a widespread fungal pathogen that can infect the human central nervous system (CNS) and cause fungal meningitis, leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Previous studies have demonstrated that many signal transduction pathways are crucial for the morphological development and virulence of . In this review, data from over 116 research articles have been compiled to show that many signaling pathways control various characteristics of , individually or in association with other pathways, and to establish strong links among them to better understand pathogenesis.

Machine Learning-powered 28-day Mortality Prediction Model for Hospitalized Patients with Acute Decompensation of Liver Cirrhosis.

Objectives: Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis are persistent global health threats, ranking among the top causes of death. Despite medical advancements, their mortality rates have remained stagnant for decades. Existing scoring systems such as Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Mayo End-Stage Liver Disease have limitations, prompting the exploration of more accurate predictive methods using artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML).

Impact of Constipation on Health Outcomes in Medically Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective Study on Laxative Use and Health Care Outcomes.

Constipation affects health-related quality of life and increases hospital visits. We conducted this prospective cohort study to assess laxative use, health outcomes of constipation in medically hospitalized patients, and related health outcomes. A prospective single-center study included all adult patients admitted under the General Internal Medicine Unit from 1 February 2022, to 31 August 2022.

LUDT-ADHF trial: Lung ultrasound-guided diuretic therapy for hospitalized patients with acute decompensated heart failure: An open-label clinical trial.

Background Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) constitutes a major reason for hospital admissions and significantly contributes to increased morbidity and mortality. Limited research indicates that lung ultrasound (LUS) may enhance the care for patients with ADHF. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of LUS-guided diuretic therapy on reducing length of hospital stay (LOS) and 90-day readmissions among patients with ADHF.

Early Bone Ischemia in Pediatric Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis and its Association With Progression to Chronic Osteomyelitis: New Insights From Gadolinium-enhanced Subtraction MRI.

Background: Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO), the most common osteoarticular infection in children, carries a significant risk for chronic complications. Predicting chronic complications early in the course of disease is challenging. The underlying pathogenesis of complications is not fully understood.

Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Its Impact on Fibrosis Risk in Inactive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are significant causes of chronic liver disease, potentially leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, the coexistence of CHB and NAFLD is increasingly common, although the relationship between NAFLD and inactive CHB infection remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NAFLD among patients with inactive CHB, identify risk factors for NAFLD, and determine predictors of significant fibrosis in these patients.

Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Dissemination to the Central Nervous System.

Cryptococcosis is a prevalent fungal infection of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by , a yeast with a polysaccharide capsule in the basidiomycete group. Normally, infects the respiratory tract and then breaches the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to meningitis or meningoencephalitis, which leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. Although the mechanism by which infiltrates the BBB to invade the brain has yet to be fully understood, research has revealed that can cross the BBB using transcellular penetration, paracellular traversal, and infected phagocytes (the "Trojan horse" mechanism).

International treatment outcomes of neonates on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN): a systematic review.

Background: PPHN is a common cause of neonatal respiratory failure and is still a serious condition and associated with high mortality.

Objectives: To compare the demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes in neonates with PHHN who underwent ECMO and survived compared to neonates with PHHN who underwent ECMO and died.

Methods: We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and searched ProQuest, Medline, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Wiley online library, Scopus and Nature for studies on the development of PPHN in neonates who underwent ECMO, published from January 1, 2010 to May 31, 2023, with English language restriction.

A Machine Learning-Based Mortality Prediction Model for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection: An Exploratory Study.

Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection presents global health challenges with significant morbidity and mortality implications. Successfully treating patients with cirrhosis may lead to mortality rates comparable to the general population. This study aims to utilize machine learning techniques to create predictive mortality models for individuals with chronic HCV infections.

Profile of a large cohort of children with persistent fetal vasculature and their predictors of poor visual outcome in a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To present the profile of a large cohort of children with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) and identify their predictors of poor visual outcome in a tertiary eye hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This was a single-center study. Medical records of children diagnosed with persistent fetal vasculature between January 1990 and January 2020 at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH), Riyadh, were reviewed.

Unveiling the Crystal Ball: Predictors of Adverse Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients.

Introduction: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe form of stroke with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite its impact, research has often focused on ischemic strokes, making ICH an essential area to explore.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study spanning 5 years was conducted in an Oman-based tertiary care teaching hospital's emergency room.

Parental Knowledge of Appendicitis and Its Management Options Among Children of Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Despite decades of studies, appendicitis in children still presents several uncertainties regarding optimal treatment.

Objectives: To assess parental understanding of appendicitis, along with its risks and treatment, and to determine attitudes to operative and non-operative treatment of uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study.

Analysis of the Temperature Elevation of the Dual-Wavelength Diode Laser and the Er, Cr: YSGG Laser in Oral Soft Tissue Incisions.

Lasers are one of the most advantageous tools that have been used in a variety of medical fields. Soft tissue management is an important part of oral and maxillofacial surgery. There are different surgical procedures for management; one of them is laser surgery.

Unusual Penetrating Orbital and Globe Injury With a Veterinary Needle.

We present a rare case of a penetrating injury to the globe and orbit by a veterinary needle. The patient underwent globe exploration and retinal detachment repair under general anesthesia after receiving medical treatment for orbital cellulitis. The case was managed by a multidisciplinary team consisting of a pediatric ophthalmologist, an oculoplastic surgeon, and a retina surgeon.