Distinct Toll-like Receptor 3 and 7 Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection.

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, with around 130 million infected people worldwide. HCV is recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are key mediators of innate immune response. Up on activation of TLRs, anti-viral cytokines and pre-inflammatory are produced.

Interferon alpha-2b therapy in chronic hepatitis delta.

Background: Approximately 5% of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are coinfected with hepatitis D virus (HDV). HBV/HDV coinfection is a major cause of cirrhosis and end stage liver disease in chronic HBsAg carriers. The only approved therapy for chronic hepatitis delta is interferon alpha (IFN α) in either pegylated or conventional forms.

Mysterious Linkages Between Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes, Interleukin-28B Genotypes and Viral Clearance- A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Recent genome wide association studies (GWAS) have shown important roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) near region of interleukin B 28 (IL28B) gene in spontaneous and drug-induced clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in genotype 1 HCV infection.

Objectives: This meta-analysis was designed to determine the world-wide distribution patterns of IL28B genotypes and alleles, and to find possible linkages between IL28B and HCV genotypes.

Patients And Methods: Manual and electronic databases were searched.

Prevalence and molecular analysis of occult hepatitis B virus infection isolated in a sample of cryptogenic cirrhosis patients in iran.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis and to analyze the relationship between surface protein variability and occult hepatitis B virus infection, which may be related to the pathogenesis of occult hepatitis B virus infection in cryptogenic cirrhosis. Occult hepatitis B virus infection is a well-recognized clinical entity characterized by the detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and/or liver in the absence of detectable hepatitis B virus surface antigen, with or without any serological markers of a past infection.

Methods: Sera from patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease were tested for hepatitis B virus DNA using both real-time and nested PCR.

Non-viral related liver enzymes elevation after kidney transplantation.

Background: Liver enzymes elevations (LEE) can be observed after kidney transplantation due to multifactorial causes.

Objectives: We performed a retrospective study on 1589 kidney transplants, 971 male and 618 female, who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus-antibody (HCV Ab) negative, and had no other liver diseases, to detect the prevalence of LEE and its risk factors in these patients between May 2008 and May 2010.

Patients And Methods: Liver enzymes and other biochemical parameters were measured in all recipients.

How can we make decision for patients with chronic hepatitis B according to hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level?

Background: HBeAg negative hepatitis B infection exerts both inactive carrier state and chronic active hepatitis, which are sometimes difficult to differentiate. Serial hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA quantification, alanine transaminase (ALT) measurement, and liver histology assessment can help to differentiate these forms of hepatitis B infection.

Objectives: We aimed to clarify the clinical and laboratory characteristics of HBeAg negative hepatitis B patients.

Diet macronutrients composition in nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease: a review on the related documents.

Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem in both developed and developing countries. Metabolic abnormalities, specially insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are highly correlated with NAFLD. Lifestyle modifications including physical activity and promoting nutrient intakes are critical in prevention and treatment of NAFLD.

Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains circulating in the northern coast of the Persian Gulf and its comparison with worldwide distribution of HBV subgenotype D1.

Iran is a large country that covers the northern coast of the Persian Gulf. Iranian residents of this coastal region interact closely with people from neighboring countries because of historical and cultural relationships, as well as economic activities. In addition, the inhabitants of this border region have experienced several wars, which have affected public health infrastructures.

Inter-observer and Intra-observer Agreement in Pathological Evaluation of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Suspected Liver Biopsies.

Background: Histopathologic assessment of liver tissue is an essential step in management and follow-up of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) while inter- and intra-observer variations limit the accuracy of these assessments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of histopathologic assessment of liver biopsies based on NAFLD activity score (NAS) scoring system.

Materials And Methods: The anonymous liver biopsy samples of 100 consecutive NAFLD suspected adults were randomly assigned to four pathologists.

GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Envelope Glycoprotein E2: Computational Molecular Features and Immunoinformatics Study.

Introduction: GB virus C (GBV-C) or hepatitis G virus (HGV) is an enveloped, RNA positive-stranded flavivirus-like particle. E2 envelope protein of GBV-C plays an important role in virus entry into the cytosol, genotyping and as a marker for diagnosing GBV-C infections. Also, there is discussion on relations between E2 protein and gp41 protein of HIV.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among patients with hepatitis C virus infection in hormozgan, iran.

Background: More than 170 million people in the world are infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV). Determination of HCV genotype before starting the treatment is required, because HCV genotype affects the course of treatment and drug dosage.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate HCV genotypes among patients with positive results for anti-HCV in Bandar Abbas from 2011 to 2012.

Impact of Pegylated Interferon-alfa-2a on Perforin Level in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B; Preliminary Study.

Background: Chronic hepatitis B is one of the most common causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular toxicity in many countries, including Iran. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and Natural killer (NK) cells are the two of main cell populations considered as cytotoxic cells. One of the distinct pathways CTL and NK cells exert cytotoxicity is perforin/granzyme.

The role of celiac disease in severity of liver disorders and effect of a gluten free diet on diseases improvement.

Context: Celiac disease (CD) is defined as a permanent intolerance to ingested gluten. The intolerance to gluten results in immune-mediated damage of small intestine mucosa manifested by villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia. These abnormalities resolve with initiationa gluten-free diet.

Hepatitis B virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma: the role of the virus x protein.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant diseases and has the fourth highest mortality rate worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been identified as a major risk factor in HCC. Currently available evidence support a critical role of hepatitis B virus x (HBx) gene and protein in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC.

Distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes among azerbaijani patients in capital city of iran-tehran.

Background: Determination of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distributed in a particular area has an important role on public health throughout the world.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HCV genotypes in Azerbaijani patients.

Patients And Methods: From March 2010 until March 2012, 235 Azerbaijani patients with established chronic hepatitis C, referred to Hospitals related to Iran University of Medical Sciences and Tehran Hepatitis Center, Clinical department of Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroeneterology and Liver Disease, were enrolled in this cross sectional study.