Predicted waiting times for orthopaedic surgery : an urgent need to address the deficit in capacity.

Cite this article:  2022;11(12):890-892.

Formalising the Pathways to Life Using Assembly Spaces.

Assembly theory (referred to in prior works as pathway assembly) has been developed to explore the extrinsic information required to distinguish a given object from a random ensemble. In prior work, we explored the key concepts relating to deconstructing an object into its irreducible parts and then evaluating the minimum number of steps required to rebuild it, allowing for the reuse of constructed sub-objects. We have also explored the application of this approach to molecules, as molecular assembly, and how molecular assembly can be inferred experimentally and used for life detection.

Current recommendations/practices for anonymising data from clinical trials in order to make it available for sharing: A scoping review.

Background/aims: There are increasing pressures for anonymised datasets from clinical trials to be shared across the scientific community, and differing recommendations exist on how to perform anonymisation prior to sharing. We aimed to systematically identify, describe and synthesise existing recommendations for anonymising clinical trial datasets to prepare for data sharing.

Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 8 February 2021.

School-Based Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens on "High-Touch" Surfaces.

In order to assess the presence of respiratory pathogens on "high-touch" surfaces and inform sanitation practices at schools, pre-selected surfaces in elementary schools in Seattle, WA, USA were sampled weekly and tested by RT-PCR for 25 viral respiratory pathogens (including SARS-CoV-2 retrospectively) and during 2019-2020 winter respiratory illness season. Viral pathogens (rhinovirus, adenovirus, influenza) known to cause respiratory illness were detected on commonly touched surfaces, especially wooden surfaces, and matched the patterns of circulating virus in the community.

RSV, Antibodies and the Developing World.

Respiratory syncytial virus remains a major cause of infantile respiratory illness globally. Infants in the developing world experience the highest burden of mortality and morbidity. Risk factors associated with respiratory syncytial virus infection and progression to severe disease include household crowding, preterm birth and low birth weight.

Infant Pneumococcal Carriage During Influenza, RSV, and hMPV Respiratory Illness Within a Maternal Influenza Immunization Trial.

In this post-hoc analysis of midnasal pneumococcal carriage in a community-based, randomized prenatal influenza vaccination trial in Nepal with weekly infant respiratory illness surveillance, 457 of 605 (75.5%) infants with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) illness had pneumococcus detected. Pneumococcal carriage did not impact rates of lower respiratory tract disease for these 3 viruses.

Measles and Rubella Seroprevalence in Mother-Infant Pairs in Rural Nepal and the United States: Pre- and Post-Elimination Populations.

We sought to compare seroprevalence of protective measles and rubella-specific antibody in mother-infant pairs across two populations: a pre-disease elimination Nepal population with recently introduced rubella vaccine and post-disease elimination U.S. population.

A Multicenter Consortium to Define the Epidemiology and Outcomes of Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients With Inpatient Respiratory Virus Infection.

Background: Respiratory virus infection (RVI) in pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients poses a significant risk; however, the epidemiology and effects of an RVI after pediatric SOT in the era of current molecular diagnostic assays are unclear.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort of pediatric SOT recipients (January 2010 to June 2013) was assembled from 9 US pediatric transplant centers. Charts were reviewed for RVI events associated with hospitalization within 1 year after the transplant.

Enhanced detection services for developmental dysplasia of the hip in Scottish children, 1997-2013.

Background: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) remains common. If detected early, DDH can usually be corrected with conservative management. Late presentations often require surgery and have worse outcomes.

A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using Pathway Complexity.

One thing that discriminates living things from inanimate matter is their ability to generate similarly complex or non-random structures in a large abundance. From DNA sequences to folded protein structures, living cells, microbial communities and multicellular structures, the material configurations in biology can easily be distinguished from non-living material assemblies. Many complex artefacts, from ordinary bioproducts to human tools, though they are not living things, are ultimately produced by biological processes-whether those processes occur at the scale of cells or societies, they are the consequences of living systems.

Microbiological characteristics of acute osteoarticular infections in children.

This study aimed to describe the microbiological characteristics of acute septic arthritis (SA) and osteomyelitis (OM) in children. Cases of children (0-15 years) with SA/OM were identified through a retrospective search of hospital discharge codes over a six-year period. In addition, a systematic literature search and meta-analysis of studies reporting culture results of children with SA/OM was performed.

Paediatric intrasubstance posterior cruciate ligament rupture.

The authors present the case of a 4-year-old boy who sustained an intrasubstance posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tear whist trampolining. He was managed non-operatively with return to full function by 8 months. A high index of suspicion is required when assessing paediatric hyperflexion/extension injuries at the knee as ligamentous injury may occur without osteochondral fracture and may be missed on routine radiographs.

Do children who in-toe need to be referred to an orthopaedic clinic?

The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of in-toeing referrals to a paediatric orthopaedic department. Two hundred and two patients referred to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh between July 2005 and March 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Increased femoral anteversion and internal tibial torsion formed the majority of diagnoses.

Pretibial subcutaneous soft tissue lesions presenting to a paediatric orthopaedic clinic.

Pretibial swellings in children usually represent erythema nodosum which exhibits characteristic skin changes. Three cases of pretibial subcutaneous lesions are presented which had no skin involvement or bony abnormalities on plain radiographs. At initial presentation, concerns of malignancy were raised but these lesions were ultimately diagnosed as granuloma annulare, fat necrosis and subcutaneous infection.

10-16 year results of Leeds-Keio anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Following initial enthusiasm in the late 1980s, the use of artificial ligament substitutes for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has declined. However, the disadvantages of donor site morbidity for autologous graft and concerns about cross-infection from allogenic material have resulted in a maintained interest in prosthetic ligament substitutes. This study presents the outcome of ACL substitution using the Leeds-Keio (LK) polyester ligament at a mean of 13.