Functional neurologic disorder as a rare complication of dental local anaesthetics: two contrasting cases.

Adverse reactions to dental local anaesthetics are fortunately rare. However, when they occur, they can be severe and debilitating to the patient. Adverse reactions may be either prolonged anaesthesia, with or without dysaesthesia, or systemic reactions.

What is the Risk of Developing Osteonecrosis Following Dental Extractions for Patients on Denosumab for Osteoporosis?

Purpose: Osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) occurs in patients on antiresorptive drugs for osteoporosis with the risk with oral bisphosphonates being known to be of the order of 0.1 to 0.3% while the risk for patients on denosumab for osteoporosis is not known.

MicroRNA-204 regulates osteogenic induction in dental follicle cells.

The dental follicle is an ectomesenchymal tissue surrounding developing tooth germ that contains osteoblastic-lineage-committed stem/progenitor cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression during stem cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate the key regulators of miRNA during osteogenic differentiation in human dental follicle cells (hDFC).

Dental abscess: A potential cause of death and morbidity.

Background: Dental abscess as an end stage of dental disease is common in the community, and patients with dental abscesses are likely to seek care from their primary health provider. Once the infection has spread beyond the confines of the jaws, there is an increasing risk of airway obstruction and septicaemia. If treated with antibiotics alone, the infection will not resolve and will become progressively worse.

The New Zealand oral and maxillofacial surgeon workforce in 2017-18: characteristics, practice and prospects.

Aim: To describe and consider the findings of a workforce survey of New Zealand Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (OMS) which was conducted in 2017-18, and to compare those to findings from a similar survey undertaken in 2001.

Methods: A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the qualifications, sociodemographic characteristics and and practising circumstances of all practising OMS in New Zealand. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 24).

Repeated Live Imaging in the Temporomandibular Joint of an Anterior Crossbite Mouse Model Using a 7T Magnetic Resonance Device.

Background/aim: Few studies have performed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging on live animals. The aim of this study was to perform 7T MR microimaging of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) multiple times in the same living mice with malocclusion, and to compare between MR imaging and histopathological findings.

Materials And Methods: Mice were examined by MR imaging at 3-4, 6 and 12 weeks following the attachment of a metal tube on the left mandibular incisor.

Melanoma Metastatic to the Mandible: Symptoms Precede Imaging Findings.

Background: Malignant melanoma is an aggressive and unpredictable cancer with the propensity for widespread metastasis. Whilst metastatic spread to the axial skeleton is relatively common, metastasis to the jaws is rarely reported and the optimal approach to investigation and management is yet to be defined.

Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman presented with dental pain, swelling and mental neuropathy on a background of an excised cutaneous melanoma.

Relationship Between Intracapsular Fracture Patterns and Arthroscopic Findings.

Purpose: To observe the superior joint compartment (SJC) using ultrathin arthroscopy in intracapsular condylar fracture (ICF) of the temporomandibular joint, describe the changes, and evaluate the relations among fracture pattern, arthroscopic findings, and clinical outcome.

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients with 27 ICFs were the subject group. Thirteen patients had unilateral ICFs and 7 had bilateral ICF.

The variable position of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in the mandibular ramus: a computed tomography (CT) study.

Introduction: This study was designed to quantify the important anatomical landmarks and the path of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) within the human mandibular body and ramus, in particular with reference to the bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO).

Materials And Methods: Four hundred and eleven CT scans were studied, 299 of these were involved in determining the position of lingula; and 230 were involved in determining the course of IAN in the mandibular molar region, namely from the mesial of the mandibular first molar to the distal of the mandibular second molar; 118 were involved with both measurements.

Results: On average, the lingula was located 17.

Endoscopically Assisted Intraoral Removal of an Ectopic Third Molar in the Mandibular Subcondylar Region.

The ectopic placement of mandibular third molars in the subcondylar region is an uncommon phenomenon. Most patients are asymptomatic but can present with acute infection or associated pathology necessitating surgical intervention. Surgical approaches have been described utilizing both extraoral and intraoral approaches to the region.

Postoperative Bleeding Following Dental Extractions in Patients Anticoagulated With Warfarin.

Purpose: The practicing dentist must frequently advise on the risks involved with dental extractions in the patient taking an anticoagulant. This study assessed the risk of bleeding in a large heterogeneous cohort of patients on warfarin treated by practitioners in training (dental students and junior staff in a teaching hospital).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective case-and-control study of 439 patients on warfarin (1,022 extractions) and 439 matched controls (1,049 extractions).

The use of cone beam computed tomography in the postoperative assessment of orbital wall fracture reconstruction.

Purpose: Computed tomography (CT) is currently the standard in postoperative evaluation of orbital wall fracture reconstruction, but cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers potential advantages including reduced radiation dose and cost. The purpose of this study is to examine objectively the image quality of CBCT in the postoperative evaluation of orbital fracture reconstruction, its radiation dose, and cost compared with CT.

Materials And Methods: Four consecutive patients with orbital wall fractures in whom surgery was indicated underwent orbital reconstruction with radio-opaque grafts (bone, titanium-reinforced polyethylene, and titanium plate) and were assessed postoperatively with orbital CBCT.

A C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide test-based protocol for patients on oral bisphosphonates requiring extraction: a prospective single-center controlled study.

Purpose: Patients undergoing extraction are at risk for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). A C-terminal crosslinking telopeptide (CTX) level lower than 150 pg/mL has been suggested as a predictor of BRONJ risk. The authors aimed to increase the precision of estimates of the risk of BRONJ in osteoporosis after extraction and to assess value of CTX testing at extraction time in cases of BRONJ in a large prospective cohort.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease of the hard palate.

A 71-year-old woman presented with erythematous, nontender, bilateral hard palate nodules of 6-month duration. Biopsy showed collagenous sclerosis and a follicular lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate among the minor salivary glands. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG4 staining showed 280 IgG4(+) cells per high-power field and a ratio of IgG4(+) to IgG(+) cells of 0.

Surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion of narrowed maxillae: a case-cohort study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate a consecutive cohort of surgically-assisted rapid maxillary expansion cases to determine the indications, results and relapse associated with the procedure.

Methods: The records of 21 cases of SARME treated by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Orthodontic units at the University of Adelaide were examined. Overall expansion and subsequent relapse were compared on study models and posteroanterior cephalometric radiographs against the variables of age, gender, surgeon, surgical technique, final occlusion and the retention period.

Oral Lesion as the first Clinical Presentation in Sarcoidosis: A Case Report.

Sarcoidosis is a common multi-system disease characterized histolopathologically by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in the affected tissues. The oral involvement of sarcoidosis is relatively rare with less than 70 reported cases in literature while an oral lesion as the initial presenting sign is even less common. Oral lesions of sarcoidosis may mimic the lesions of other serious systemic diseases including Crohn's disease and tuberculosis as well as lesions localized to the orofacial region such as orofacial granulomatosis.