The One Health aspect of climate events with impact on foodborne pathogens transmission.

The ongoing effects of climate change have exacerbated two significant challenges to global populations: the transmission of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain. Using the latest available scientific information this review explores how climate-related factors such as rainfall, floods, storms, hurricanes, cyclones, dust, temperature and humidity impact the spread of the foodborne pathogens , , , , , and . We explore the complex dynamics between environmental changes and the heightened risk of foodborne diseases, analysing the contribution of wildlife, insects and contaminated environments in the proliferation of AMR and climate change.

Mechanistic concepts involved in biofilm associated processes of Campylobacter jejuni: persistence and inhibition in poultry environments.

Campylobacter species, predominantly Campylobacter jejuni, remains a significant zoonotic pathogen worldwide, with the poultry sector being the primary vector for human transmission. In recent years. there has been a notable rise in the incidence of human campylobacteriosis, necessitating a deeper understanding of the pathogen's survival mechanisms and transmission dynamics.

In depth analysis of the quenching of three fluorene-phenylene-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes by DNA and DNA bases.

The interaction of three cationic poly {9,9-bis[N,N-(trimethylammonium)hexyl]fluorene-co-1,4-phenylene} polymers with average chain lengths of ∼6, 12, and 100 repeat units (PFP-NR36(I),12(Br),100(Br)) with both double and single stranded, short and long, DNA and DNA bases have been studied by steady state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. Fluorescence of PFP-NR3 polymers is quenched with high efficiency by DNA (both double and single stranded) and DNA bases. The resulting quenching plots are sigmoidal and are not accurately described by using a Stern-Volmer quenching mechanism.

Effect of aggregation on the photophysical properties of three fluorene-phenylene-based cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes.

The effect of aggregation on the photophysical properties of three cationic poly{9,9-bis[N,N-(trimethylammonium)hexyl] fluorene-co-l,4-phenylene} polymers with average chain lengths of ∼6, 12, and 100 repeat units (PFP-NR3(6(I),12(Br),100(Br))) has been studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. Conjugated polyelectrolytes are known to aggregate in solution and for these PFP-NR3 polymers this causes a decrease in the fluorescence quantum yield. The use of acetonitrile as a cosolvent leads to the breakup of aggregates of PFP-NR3 in water; for PFP-NR3(6(I)), this results in an ∼10-fold increase in fluorescence quantum yield, a ca.

Proteomics identification of azaspiracid toxin biomarkers in blue mussels, Mytilus edulis.

Azaspiracids are a class of recently discovered algae-derived shellfish toxins. Their distribution globally is on the increase with mussels being most widely implicated in azaspiracid-related food poisoning events. Evidence that these toxins were bound to proteins in contaminated mussels has been shown recently.

Reduction of severe bovine serum associated matrix effects on carboxymethylated dextran coated biosensor surfaces.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based biosensor technology has been widely used in life science research for many applications. While the advantages of speed, ruggedness, versatility, sensitivity and reproducibility are often quoted, many researchers have experienced severe problem of non-specific binding (NSB) to chip surfaces when performing analysis of biological samples such as bovine serum. Using the direct measurement of the bovine protein leptin, present in bovine serum samples as a model, a unique buffering system has been developed and optimised which was able to significantly reduce the non-specific interactions of bovine serum components with the carboxymethyl dextran chip (CM5) surface on a Biacore SPR system.

T lymphocyte epitope mapping of porcine circovirus type 2.

Immunoreactive T lymphocyte epitopes within the ORF1, ORF2, and ORF 3 products of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were mapped. For this, overlapping linear 20-mer peptides were synthesized and tested for their ability to induce T lymphocyte proliferation in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from experimentally PCV2-infected pigs. After a preliminary screening of 31 (ORF1), 23 (ORF2), and 10 (ORF3) peptides using PBMCs from 4 PCV2-infected pigs, none of the peptides appeared to be immunoreactive (stimulation index [SI] : 2) in all four pigs.

Proteinase K enhanced immunoreactivity of the prion protein-specific monoclonal antibody 2A11.

Here, we report the development and further characterisation of a novel PrP-specific monoclonal antibody: 2A11. By Western blot analysis, 2A11 reacts with PrPC from a variety of species including cow, sheep, pig, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, deer and mouse but fails to react with human, chicken and turtle PrP. Reactivity to PrPC in Western blot was found to be dependent on the redox state of the protein since binding of mAb 2A11 to its epitope was more effective in reducing conditions.

Mapping of linear epitopes on the capsid proteins of swine vesicular disease virus using monoclonal antibodies.

The antigenic linear map of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) has been studied using a repertoire of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against a recombinant SVDV polyprotein, P1. Peptide-scanning analyses, cross-reactivity studies with homologous and heterologous viruses and predicted location on a computer-generated three-dimensional model of the capsid proteins have allowed the identification of five main linear sites. Two sites, the N terminus of VP3 and amino acids 51-60 on VP1, correspond to internal areas, conserved not only between SVDV isolates but also in the related enterovirus coxsackievirus B5.