Effects of environmental and housing system factors on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from cattle barns: A meta-analysis of a global data collation.

This study provides a meta-analysis on the relationships between cattle barn CH, NH and NO emission rates and their key drivers (i.e., housing type, floor type, environmental conditions).

DATAMAN: A global database of methane, nitrous oxide, and ammonia emission factors for livestock housing and outdoor storage of manure.

Livestock manure management systems can be significant sources of nitrous oxide (N O), methane (CH ), and ammonia (NH ) emissions. Many studies have been conducted to improve our understanding of the emission processes and to identify influential variables in order to develop mitigation techniques adapted to each manure management step (animal housing, outdoor storage, and manure spreading to land). The international project DATAMAN (http://www.

DNA methylation analysis using bisulphite-based amplicon sequencing of individuals exposed to maternal tobacco use during pregnancy, and offspring conduct problems in childhood and adolescence.

Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is a large driver of health inequalities and a higher prevalence of conduct problem (CP) has been observed in exposed offspring. Further, maternal tobacco use during pregnancy can also alter offspring DNA methylation. However, currently, limited molecular evidence has been found to support this observation.

High throughput pH bioassay demonstrates pH adaptation of Rhizobium strains isolated from the nodules of Trifolium subterraneum and T. repens.

The purpose of developing this high throughput assay was to determine whether there was evidence of pH adaptation in strains of rhizobia which nodulate subterranean clover (SC) and white clover (WC), and whether this was related to the pH of the soil of origin. pH is a first-order factor influencing the niche preferences of soil microorganisms and has been convincingly shown to be a key driver of soil bacterial communities. Naturalised strains of Rhizobium spp.

Insights in Human Hair Curvature by Proteome Analysis of Two Distinct Hair Shapes.

Scalp hair is a universal human characteristic, and a wide range of hair shape and color variations exists. Although differences in human scalp hair shape are visually apparent, the underpinning molecular insights are yet to be fully explored. This work reports the determination of differences at the protein level between two distinct groups of hair shape: very straight samples versus very curly hair samples.

Ammonia and nitrous oxide emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure.

Manure application to land and deposition of urine and dung by grazing animals are major sources of ammonia (NH ) and nitrous oxide (N O) emissions. Using data on NH and N O emissions following land-applied manures and excreta deposited during grazing, emission factors (EFs) disaggregated by climate zone were developed, and the effects of mitigation strategies were evaluated. The NH data represent emissions from cattle and swine manures in temperate wet climates, and the N O data include cattle, sheep, and swine manure emissions in temperate wet/dry and tropical wet/dry climates.

DATAMAN: A global database of nitrous oxide and ammonia emission factors for excreta deposited by livestock and land-applied manure.

Nitrous oxide (N O), ammonia (NH ), and methane (CH ) emissions from the manure management chain of livestock production systems are important contributors to greenhouse gases (GHGs) and NH emitted by human activities. Several studies have evaluated manure-related emissions and associated key variables at regional, national, or continental scales. However, there have been few studies focusing on the drivers of these emissions using a global dataset.

Global Research Alliance N O chamber methodology guidelines: Flux calculations.

A critical step in determining soil-to-atmosphere nitrous oxide (N O) exchange using non-steady-state chambers is converting collected gas concentration versus time data to flux values using a flux calculation (FC) scheme. It is well documented that different FC schemes can produce different flux estimates for a given set of data. Available schemes differ in their theoretical basis, computational requirements, and performance in terms of both accuracy and precision.

Global Research Alliance N O chamber methodology guidelines: Statistical considerations, emission factor calculation, and data reporting.

Static chambers are often used for measuring nitrous oxide (N O) fluxes from soils, but statistical analysis of chamber data is challenged by the inherently heterogeneous nature of N O fluxes. Because N O chamber measurements are commonly used to assess N O mitigation strategies or to determine country-specific emission factors (EFs) for calculating national greenhouse gas inventories, it is important that statistical analysis of the data is sound and that EFs are robustly estimated. This paper is one of a series of articles that provide guidance on different aspects of N O chamber methodologies.

ACE inhibitory peptides in standard and fermented deer velvet: an in silico and in vitro investigation.

Background: The use of deer velvet antler (DVA) as a potent traditional medicine ingredient goes back for over 2000 years in Asia. Increasingly, though, DVA is being included as a high protein functional food ingredient in convenient, ready to consume products in Korea and China. As such, it is a potential source of endogenous bioactive peptides and of 'cryptides', i.

A new haplotype of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros, has escaped biological control by Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus and is invading Pacific Islands.

The coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB; Oryctes rhinoceros) is a major pest of coconut and oil palm, but the discovery and release of Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV) in the 1960s and 70s suppressed the pest such that no new invasions of uninfested islands by CRB were reported for over 30years after implementation of the biocontrol programme. Surprisingly, a highly damaging outbreak was reported from Guam (2007), which could not be controlled by OrNV. Subsequently, new invasions have been reported from Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea (2009); O'ahu, Hawai'i (2013); and Honiara, Solomon Islands (2015).

Starch phosphorylation in potato tubers is influenced by allelic variation in the genes encoding glucan water dikinase, starch branching enzymes I and II, and starch synthase III.

Starch phosphorylation is an important aspect of plant metabolism due to its role in starch degradation. Moreover, the degree of phosphorylation of starch determines its physicochemical properties and is therefore relevant for industrial uses of starch. Currently, starch is chemically phosphorylated to increase viscosity and paste stability.

Bayesian estimation of the sensitivity and specificity of individual fecal culture and Paralisa to detect Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in young farmed deer.

A Bayesian latent class model was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of an immunoglobulin G1 serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Paralisa) and individual fecal culture to detect young deer infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Paired fecal and serum samples were collected, between July 2009 and April 2010, from 20 individual yearling (12-24-month-old) deer in each of 20 South Island and 18 North Island herds in New Zealand and subjected to culture and Paralisa, respectively.

Assigning the source of human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand: a comparative genetic and epidemiological approach.

Integrated surveillance of infectious multi-source diseases using a combination of epidemiology, ecology, genetics and evolution can provide a valuable risk-based approach for the control of important human pathogens. This includes a better understanding of transmission routes and the impact of human activities on the emergence of zoonoses. Until recently New Zealand had extraordinarily high and increasing rates of notified human campylobacteriosis, and our limited understanding of the source of these infections was hindering efforts to control this disease.

Source attribution of food-borne zoonoses in New Zealand: a modified Hald model.

A Bayesian approach was developed by Hald et al.((1)) to estimate the contribution of different food sources to the burden of human salmonellosis in Denmark. This article describes the development of several modifications that can be used to adapt the model to different countries and pathogens.