Prescribing Blood Flow Restricted Exercise: Limb Composition Influences the Pressure Required to Create Arterial Occlusion.

Context: As blood flow restriction gains popularity across different populations (eg, young and older adults) and settings (eg, clinical and sports rehabilitation), the accuracy of blood flow restricted percentage becomes crucial. We aimed to compare manually measured arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) among young adults to understand whether lower limb composition affects the pressure required to achieve AOP. The results will shed light on the adequacy of published calculations used to estimate AOP in practical and research settings.

Continuous blood flow restriction during repeated-sprint exercise increases peripheral but not systemic physiological and perceptual demands.

This study examined the impact of continuous blood flow restriction (BFR) during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) on acute performance, peripheral, systemic physiological, and perceptual responses. In a randomized crossover design, 26 adult male semi-professional and amateur team-sport players completed two RSE sessions (3 sets of 5 × 5-s sprints with 25 s of passive recovery and 3 min of rest) with continuous BFR (45% arterial occlusion; excluding during between-set rest periods) or without (non-BFR). Mean and peak power output were significantly lower (p < 0.

Blood flow restricted walking alters gait kinematics.

This study investigated the impact of blood flow restriction (BFR) during treadmill walking on gait kinematics. Twenty-one participants completed one familiarisation and four experimental sessions, including two walking speeds (moderate [5.0 ± 0.

Do Sideline Tests of Vestibular and Oculomotor Function Accurately Diagnose Sports-Related Concussion in Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Sports-related concussion (SRC) assessment tools are primarily based on subjective assessments of somatic, cognitive, and psychosocial/emotional symptoms. SRC symptoms remain underreported, and objective measures of SRC impairments would be valuable to assist diagnosis. Measurable impairments to vestibular and oculomotor processing have been shown to occur after SRC and may provide valid objective assessments.

Sessional work-rate does not affect the magnitude to which simulated hypoxia can augment acute physiological responses during resistance exercise.

Purpose: To investigate whether performing resistance exercise in hypoxia augments physiological and perceptual responses, and if altering work-rate by performing repetitions to failure compared to sub-maximally increases the magnitude of these responses.

Methods: Twenty male university students (minimum of 2 year resistance training experience) completed four sessions, two in hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen [FO] = 0.13), and two in normoxia (FO = 0.

Modifying bowling kinematics in cricket pace bowlers with exercise-based injury prevention: A cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: Undesirable bowling kinematics can increase the risk of low back injury. This study investigated if an exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) could modify bowling kinematics in community-level adolescent pace bowlers.

Design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Exercise-based injury prevention for community-level adolescent cricket pace bowlers: A cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Objectives: To investigate if an exercise-based injury prevention program (IPP) can modify risk factors for injury in community-level adolescent cricket pace bowlers.

Design: Cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Methods: Eight cricket organisations (training two times per week and no previous involvement in a structured IPP) participated in this cluster-randomised trial.

Using a Load-Velocity Relationship to Predict One repetition maximum in Free-Weight Exercise: A Comparison of the Different Methods.

Hughes, LJ, Banyard, HG, Dempsey, AR, and Scott, BR. Using a load-velocity relationship to predict one repetition maximum in free-weight exercise: a comparison of the different methods. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2409-2419, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of predicting 1 repetition maximum (1RM) in trained individuals using a load-velocity relationship.

Kinetic Gait Analysis of Agility Dogs Entering the A-Frame.

Objective:  The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a decrease in the A-frame angle of incline on the vertical and cranio-caudal ground reaction forces observed in a homogeneous cohort of agility dogs during entrance and contact with the A-frame.

Materials And Methods:  A crossover study design was applied to eight large breed dogs to compare the vertical and cranio-caudal ground reaction forces entering the A-frame at three angles of incline: 40° (standard), 35° and 30°. The peak vertical force, passive impact peak, peak propulsive force, peak braking force, the time point (percentile) in the stance phase at which these events occurred and the proportion of time for limb contact spent in braking (% braking) and propulsion (% propulsion) were examined.

Visual-perceptual training with acquisition of the observed motor pattern contributes to greater improvement of visual anticipation.

This experiment investigated the contribution of visual and additive motor experience to improvement of visual anticipation. Club cricket batters were randomized into (a) a visual-perceptual group that received temporal occlusion training (n = 13), (b) a visuomotor group that received temporal occlusion training coupled with motor pattern practice of the observed bowler's action (n = 13), and (c) a no-training control group (n = 13). They completed a fast bowler video-based temporal occlusion prepost anticipation test, as well as a transfer temporal occlusion test that included different fast and slow bowlers.

Using Load-Velocity Relationships to Quantify Training-Induced Fatigue.

Hughes, LJ, Banyard, HG, Dempsey, AR, Peiffer, JJ, and Scott, BR. Using load-velocity relationships to quantify training-induced fatigue. J Strength Cond Res 33(3): 762-773, 2019-The purpose of this study was to investigate using load-velocity relationships to quantify fluctuations in maximal strength (1 repetition maximum [1RM]), which occur as a result of training-induced fatigue.

Predictors of clinical success with stabilization exercise are associated with lower levels of lumbar multifidus intramuscular adipose tissue in patients with low back pain.

Investigate the construct validity of prognostic factors purported to predict clinical success with stabilization exercise for low back pain by exploring their associations with lumbar multifidus composition. Patients with low back pain were recruited from a hospital imaging department. The presence of fivepredictors (age <40 years, positive prone instability test, aberrant trunk flexion movements, straight leg raise range of motion >91°, spinal hypermobility) were identified by standardized physical examination.

Youth Australian Footballers Experience Similar Impact Forces to the Head as Junior- and Senior-League Players: A Prospective Study of Kinematic Measurements.

The aims of this study were to investigate the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts sustained by youth AF players over a season of games and report subjective descriptions on the mechanism-of-injury and sign and symptoms experienced. A prospective observational cohort study with participants (n = 19) (age range 13-14 yr., mean ± SD 13.

In situ use of the King-Devick eye tracking test and changes seen with sport-related concussion: saccadic and blinks counts.

Objectives: Sport-related concussion (SRC) can result in impaired oculomotor function. Oculomotor performance, measured utilizing the King-Devick/Eye Tracking test (K-D/ET), is reported to be able to identify sub-optimal brain function. The objectives of the study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the K-D/ET in identifying SRC occurring from game participation and to perform a comparative analysis on saccade and blink counts for each K-D card individually and total counts between baseline and post-concussion.

Injury Prevention Strategies for Adolescent Cricket Pace Bowlers.

Adolescent cricket pace bowlers are prone to non-contact shoulder, low back and lower-limb injuries. Exercise-based injury prevention programmes (IPPs) are effective for reducing non-contact injuries in athletes; however, a specific programme for adolescent pace bowlers has not been published. This paper therefore seeks to provide a rationale for the development of an exercise-based IPP specific for adolescent pace bowlers.

Head Impact Exposure in Junior and Adult Australian Football Players.

This study measured and compared the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of head impacts sustained by junior and adult Australian football players, respectively, and between player positions over a season of games. Twelve junior and twelve adult players were tracked using a skin-mounted impact sensor. Head impact exposure, including frequency, magnitude, and location of impacts, was quantified using previously established methods.

The King-Devick test is a valid and reliable tool for assessing sport-related concussion in Australian football: A prospective cohort study.

Objectives: Sport-related concussion (SRC) research has focused on impaired oculomotor function. The King-Devick (K-D) test measures oculomotor performance and is reported to identify suboptimal brain function. The use of the K-D test in Australian football (AF), a sport involving body contact and tackling, has not been documented.

Reduction of the A-Frame Angle of Incline does not Change the Maximum Carpal Joint Extension Angle in Agility Dogs Entering the A-Frame.

Objective:  This article aims to investigate the effect of a decrease in the A-frame angle of incline on the highest carpal extension angle in agility dogs.

Methods:  Kinematic gait analysis (two-dimensional) measuring carpal extension was performed on 40 dogs entering the A-frame at 3 angles of incline: 40° (standard), 35° and 30°. The highest carpal extension angle from three trials at each incline was examined for a significant effect of A-frame angle with height, body weight and velocity included as covariates.

Risk Factors for Non-Contact Injury in Adolescent Cricket Pace Bowlers: A Systematic Review.

Background: Adolescent cricket pace bowlers are prone to injury. Recognising the risk factors for non-contact injury in this population will aid future injury prevention strategies.

Objective: To identify the risk factors for non-contact injury in adolescent cricket pace bowlers.

Knee Biomechanics During Jogging After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy: A Longitudinal Study.

Background: Altered knee joint biomechanics is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis and has been reported in patients after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) while performing various activities. Longitudinally, understanding knee joint biomechanics during jogging may assist future studies to assess the implications of jogging on knee joint health in this population.

Purpose: To investigate knee joint biomechanics during jogging in patients 3 months after APM and a healthy control group at baseline and 2 years later at follow-up.

Comparing the Effectiveness of a Short-Term Vertical Jump vs. Weightlifting Program on Athletic Power Development.

Teo, SYM, Newton, MJ, Newton, RU, Dempsey, AR, and Fairchild, TJ. Comparing the effectiveness of a short-term vertical jump vs. weightlifting program on athletic power development.

Lumbopelvic muscle activation patterns in adolescent fast bowlers.

Introduction: Adolescent fast bowlers are prone to sustaining lumbar injuries. Numerous components have been identified as contributing factors; however, there is limited empirical evidence outlining how the muscles of the lumbopelvic region, which play a vital role in stabilising the spine, function during the bowling action and the influence of such activation on injuries in the fast bowler.

Methods: Surface electromyography was utilised to measure the function of the lumbar erector spinae, lumbar multifidus, gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles bilaterally during the fast bowling action in a group of 35 cricket fast bowlers aged 12-16 years.

Glucose Ingestion Does Not Improve Maximal Isokinetic Force.

The purpose of this study was to assess maximal isokinetic leg extension force in response to glucose ingestion and to determine whether any performance changes occur in a time-dependent manner. Seventeen young (22.1 ± 3.

Cartilage morphology at 2-3 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with or without concomitant meniscal pathology.

Purpose: To examine differences in cartilage morphology between young adults 2-3 years post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), with or without meniscal pathology, and control participants.

Methods: Knee MRI was performed on 130 participants aged 18-40 years (62 with isolated ACLR, 38 with combined ACLR and meniscal pathology, and 30 healthy controls). Cartilage defects, cartilage volume and bone marrow lesions (BMLs) were assessed from MRI using validated methods.

Mechanisms underpinning the peak knee flexion moment increase over 2-years following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is common in people who have undergone partial meniscectomy, and a higher external knee flexion moment during gait may be a potential contributor. Although the peak external knee flexion moment has been shown to increase from 3 months to 2 years following partial meniscectomy, mechanisms underpinning the increase in the peak knee flexion moment are unknown.

Methods: Sixty-six participants with partial meniscectomy completed three-dimensional gait (normal and fast pace) and quadriceps strength assessment at baseline (3 months following partial meniscectomy) and again 2 years later.