Financial education for HIV-vulnerable youth, orphans, and vulnerable children: A systematic review of outcome evidence.

Problem: According to Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization, HIV is the leading cause of youth mortality in Africa, and the second cause of death among young people worldwide. Global commitments to reverse the HIV epidemic will only be achieved if strategies prioritize children and youth. Relevant evidence reviews found mixed evidence that HIV prevention may be addressed through economic strengthening activities such as financial education for youth.

Bilateral brachial plexus injury following acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication is a leading cause of severe neuropsychological impairments. Peripheral nerve injury has rarely been reported. It consists usually in a demyelinating polyneuropathy or mononeuropathy affecting mainly the lower limbs.

Cerebral thrombosis complicating Crohn's disease: two cases.

Cerebrovenous thrombosis is quite rare in infammatory bowel disease. There are only a few reports of this association in the literature. We report 2 cases of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who developed cerebral thrombophlebitis confirmed by neuroimaging.

Membrane tension lowering induced by protein activity.

Using videomicroscopy we present measurements of the fluctuation spectrum of giant vesicles containing bacteriorhodopsin pumps. When the pumps are activated, we observe a significant increase of the fluctuations in the low wave vector region, which we interpret as due to a lowering of the effective tension of the membrane.

[Celiac crisis with quadriplegia due to potassium depletion as presenting feature of celiac disease].

Introduction: Adult coeliac disease revealed by coeliac crisis and quadriplegia due to potassium depletion is an extremely rare situation.

Case Report: A 26-year-old woman presented with a suddenly developed weakness of all four limbs and a severe diarrhea. Authors emphasize coeliac crisis, which is a presenting feature of coeliac disease, characterized by acute diarrhea with life-threatening acid base and electrolyte abnormalities.

[Sneddon's syndrome: 15 cases with cerebral angiography].

Sneddon's syndrome is a rare disease defined by the presence of ischemic cerebrovascular events associated with livedo reticularis. We report a retrospective study of fifteen cases, thirteen women and two men, mean age of 37.93+/-9.

Active membranes studied by X-ray scattering.

In view of recent theories of "active" membranes, we have studied multilamellar phospholipid membrane stacks with reconstituted transmembrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR) under different illumination conditions by X-ray scattering. The light-active protein is considered as an active constituent which drives the system out of equilibrium and is predicted to change the collective fluctuation properties of the membranes. Using X-ray reflectivity, X-ray non-specular (diffuse) scattering, and grazing incidence scattering, we find no detectable change in the scattering curves when changing the illumination condition.

[Cerebral venous thrombosis secondary to essential thrombocythemia].

Introduction: Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative syndrome; cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare complication.

Observation: We report the case of a 20-year-old woman with an uneventful history who was admitted with intracranial hypertension syndrome which had developed over the last four months in association with bilateral decline of visual acuity. Physical examination at admission revealed stage II papilloedema and absence of any focal neurological signs.

[T-cell lymphoma revealed by a mononeuritis multiplex: case report and review of literature].

Introduction: Lymphoma occasionally affects the peripheral nervous system. Neuropathy usually appears in patients with known lymphoma but rarely represents the initial manifestation of underlying malignancy. We report a case in which mononeuritis multiplex (MM) was the dominant feature in the clinical presentation of a peripheral T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

[Neuropsychological and magnetic resonance imaging findings in five patients after carbon monoxide poisoning].

Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning has been shown to result in cognitive impairments. These disorders have rarely been reported. The present study aimed to evaluate these disturbances in five patients with a neuroanatomical study.

[Acute Guillain-Barré-like polyradiculoneuritis revealing acute systemic lupus erythematosus: two case studies and review of the literature].

The involvement of the peripheral nervous system in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is rare and is dominated by distal symmetric axonal polyneuropathy and multiple mononeuropathy. It usually occurs in late course of the disease. Acute polyradiculoneuropathy of Guillain-Barré syndrome type is very rare and can frequently constitute the first symptom of systemic lupus.

[Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with hypertrophy of spinal roots, brachial plexus and cranial nerves].

We report two patients who presented an atypical chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with massive nerve root and brachial plexus hypertrophy, and pseudotumoral supraclavicular mass. They also presented an hypertrophy of oculomotor and trigeminal nerves causing an exophthalmos and ocular palsy. Spinal root enlargement and cranial nerve hypertrophy was demonstrated by CT scanner and MRI.

[Wilson's disease. Clinical presentation, treatment and evolution in 21 cases].

Purpose: Wilson's disease is characterized by neuropsychiatric symptoms with frequent extrapyramidal and intellectual presentations. They have an insidious evolution that leads to a late diagnosis and less therapeutic effectiveness in the advanced forms.

Methods: We report 21 cases of Wilson's disease with neurological complications, emphasizing clinical semiology, diagnostic means and problems of the therapeutics in our country.

[Acute meningomyelitis and polyradiculoneuritis disclosing systemic lupus erythematosus].

A 25-year-old male presented purulent meningitis associated with transverse myelitis. Spinal T2-weighted MRI showed a large spinal cord with an intramedullary high signal. Infection resolved with antibiotic therapy but spastic paraplegia persisted.

[Neuropsychological disorders after bithalamic infarct caused by deep venous thrombosis].

We report a case of deep cerebral venous thrombosis with bithalamic infarction that led to neuropsychological disorders including left side visuospatial neglect, aphasia and amnesia, as well as frontal and intellectual disorders. After a six month course, the patient showed only slight intellectual deficit and mild anterograde amnesia. Deep cerebral venous thrombosis is uncommon and prognosis is poor.

[Acute myelitis and Behcet's disease: three case reports].

Introduction: Neurological manifestations in Behçet's disease usually consist of meningoencephalitis and cerebral thrombophlebitis. Myelitis is rare, especially when it is the only neurological manifestation.

Exegesis: The authors report three cases of acute myelitis complicating Behçet's disease demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging.

[Relapsing polyneuropathy in the post-partum period].

A patient had five relapses of polyneuropathy: four developed during post-partum. The rapid onset of symptoms with subsequent complete recovery are in favor of a recurrent Guillain-Barré syndrome rather than a chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuropathy.

[Neck-tongue syndrome: a case caused by atlanto-axial osteoarthritis of tuberculous origin].

The neck-tongue syndrome involves paroxystic pain in the nape of neck associated with sensitive disorders of the ipsilateral hemitongue aggravated by movements of the nape of neck. It is attributed to relating fibers of proprioceptive origin which pass through the great nervus hypoglossus from the second cervical stria. The lingual pseudoathetosis is also reported to a proprioceptive deafferentation of the tongue.

[Cerebral infarction, pseudolupic syndrome and myxoma of the left atrium].

Left atrial myxomas are a rare stroke etiology (0.4%). They frequently present general symptoms such as fever, weight loss and an inflammatory syndrome, but the pseudolupic syndrome with cutaneous features and vasomotor symptoms is rarely described.

[Pure motor hemiplegia with ipsilateral lingual palsy caused by pontine infarction].

A 36 year old diabetic man developed a pure motor hemiplegia (PMH) associated with an ipsilateral lingual palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pontine infarct. Lingual palsies have never been reported in patients with PMH so far, but may be associated with other lacunar syndromes such as the "dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome".

[L-dopa-responsive dystonia: 2 familial cases of adult onset with sleep disorders].

A woman and her son had progressive dystonia and chronic insomnia at 32 and 19 years of age respectively. Levodopa was markedly effective at low dose both for dystonia and insomnia without dyskinesia over a 5-year follow-up period.

[Alexia without agraphia in the Arabic language. Neurolinguistic and and MRI study].

A 33 year-old woman developed an alexia without agraphia, a color anomia, a right hemianopia, an aphasic amnesia and a verbal amnesia. The brain MRI showed the lesions in the left splenium of corpus callosum, forceps major, optic radiations and anterieur temporal lobe. The fact that she measured writing comprehension and had complete recovery of reading impairment despite the persistence of anatomic lesions plead in favour of an active participation of the right hemisphere (RH) on reading; this capacity of the RH may be due to the linguistic particularities of arabic writing.

[Dermatomyositis and Wilson disease].

A 15 year-old girl developed both a dermatomyositis and a Wilson's disease. A clinical remission was obtained with steroids and D-penicillamine. The potential role of cupric intoxication in the pathogeny of the muscular syndrome is discussed.

[Thrombosis of the upper longitudinal sinus and syphilitic cranial osteitis].

A 33-year old man developed progressive intracranial hypertension with papilloedema due to thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) by extension of a skull osteitis. Serological tests for syphilis were positive in blood, CSF and synovial fluid. Under treatment with penicillin and corticosteroids signs of intracranial hypertension and CT scan abnormalities disappeared.