Immunological insights into COVID-19 in Southern Nigeria.

Introduction: One of the unexpected outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic was the relatively low levels of morbidity and mortality in Africa compared to the rest of the world. Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, accounted for less than 0.01% of the global COVID-19 fatalities.

Comparison of Single-Port Robotic Donor Nephrectomy and Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy.

To compare the intra- and postoperative outcomes of single-port robotic donor nephrectomies (SP RDNs) and laparoscopic donor nephrectomies (LDNs). We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database for patients who received LDN or SP RDN between September 2020 and December 2022. Donor baseline characteristics, intraoperative outcomes, postoperative outcomes, and recipient renal function were extracted and compared between LDN and SP RDN.

Knowledge and Willingness to Utilize Hepatitis B Preventive Measures among Pregnant Women in Ado-Ekiti, Southwest, Nigeria.

Introduction: Mother-to-child transmission remains an important mode of transmission of hepatitis B infection particularly in endemic areas. The knowledge and practices of pregnant women about mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the uptake of strategies to reduce mother-to-child transmission of infection.

Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge and willingness to uptake hepatitis B virus infection preventive services among pregnant women in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.

Swiss LithoClast® Trilogy Lithotripter for Use in Robotic Pyelolithotomy.

Introduction: The Boston Scientific Swiss LithoClast® Trilogy lithotripter was intended for use in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We performed, to our knowledge, the first two robotic pyelolithotomies using the Trilogy lithotripter for intracorporeal lithotripsy.

Case Description: Two cases are presented involving a 65-year-old female with a complete left staghorn calculus and hydronephrosis secondary to a left ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, and a 69-year-old male with a large left staghorn calculus and multiple large left sided simple renal cysts.

Same-day discharge following minimally invasive partial and radical nephrectomy: a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) analysis.

Purpose: Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN) and radical nephrectomy (MIRN) have successfully resulted in shorter length of stay (LOS) for patients. Using a national cohort, we compared 30-day outcomes of SDD (LOS = 0) versus standard-length discharge (SLD, LOS = 1-3) for MIRN and MIPN.

Methods: All patients who underwent MIPN (CPT 50,543) or MIRN (CPT 50,545) in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2012 to 2019 were reviewed.

The Utilization and Safety of Same-Day Discharge After Transurethral Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Surgery: A Case-Control, Matched Analysis of a National Cohort.

Objective: To analyze the utilization and safety of same-day (SDD) vs standard-length discharge (SLD) for transurethral resection (TURP), holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP), and GreenLight photovaporization (GL-PVP) of the prostate.

Methods: Using the 2015-2019 ACS-NSQIP files, the annual proportion of TURP, HoLEP, and GL-PVP performed with SDD (length of stay [LOS] = 0 days) was calculated. Patients were stratified by LOS into SDD and SLD (TURP: LOS = 1-3 days, HoLEP and GL-PVP: LOS = 1-2 days); those with longer LOS were excluded.

A Comparison of Pharmaceutical Prices for Generic Erectile Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Medication in 2 Socioeconomically Disparate New York City Neighborhoods.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are frequently managed with medications. Variability and poor understanding of medication prices have been shown to hinder patient adherence, leading to worse clinical outcomes. We sought to explore how pharmacy type and neighborhood socioeconomic status influence pricing for generic ED and BPH medications.

Robotic Single-Port Donor Nephrectomy with the da Vinci SP® Surgical System.

Objectives: The da Vinci SP® Surgical System received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for urological procedures in 2018.

Adrenalectomy outcomes predicted by a 5-item frailty index (5-iFI) in the ACS-NSQIP database.

Background: Frailty has been shown to be a predictor of adverse postoperative outcomes. This study aims to evaluate a 5-item frailty index (5-iFI) as a predictor of complications as well as healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) following adrenalectomy.

Methods: All adrenalectomy cases recorded in the ACS-NSQIP database from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed.

Disposable versus Reusable Cystoscopes: A Micro-Costing Value Analysis in High-Volume and Low-Volume Urology Practices.

Introduction: Disposable single-use cystoscopes have become increasingly available, demonstrating comparable quality to reusable cystoscopes while eliminating the need for reprocessing and repairs. However, high costs remain a concern. To clarify the role for these scopes, we performed a cost analysis comparison between the single-use Ambu® aScope™ 4 cystoscope and reusable Olympus® CYF-VHR and V2 cystoscopes in 2 clinical settings: a high-volume multi-provider practice and low-volume single-provider practice.

Anal canal duplication in children: a monocentric experience of 12 cases.

Purpose: Anal canal duplication is a rare malformation characterized by a second perineal opening positioned behind the anus, which is generally observed at 6 o'clock in the lithotomy position. The purpose was to describe six new cases of anal canal duplication (in addition to our previously reported series of six patients) with the aim of providing further clinical information about this anomaly.

Methods: We described 6 new cases of anal canal duplication in terms of symptoms, anatomical disposition, imaging results, and histopathology.

Long-term survival after head and neck cancer surgery with immediate free flap reconstruction.

Background: Head and neck cancer is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide. A combination treatment including surgery is known to have a better survival rate than exclusive radiotherapy-chemotherapy. In extreme cases of non-metastatic patients who have voluminous tumor, or complex location, surgery with immediate reconstruction by free flap could be an option to improve long term survival.

Intra-pancreatic distal cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a common short and long-term prognosis?

The aim of the study was to compare histological features, postoperative outcomes, and long-term prognostic factors after pancreaticoduodenectomy for distal cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. From 2005 to 2017, 188 pancreaticoduodenectomies (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma n = 151, distal cholangiocarcinoma n = 37) were included. Postoperative outcomes were compared after matching on pancreatic gland texture and main pancreatic duct size.

A renewable, sustainable and low-cost adsorbent for ibuprofen removal.

Adsorption efficiency of acid-modified kola nut husk (KNHA) as a non-conventional adsorbent for the sorption of Ibuprofen from aqueous media was investigated in this study. The raw and modified samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy pH, and Boehm titration techniques respectively. Adsorption parameters such as pH effect, adsorbate concentration, contact time, and solution temperature were studied.

Clinically node-positive (cN+) urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy and radical cystectomy: Clinical outcomes and development of a postoperative risk stratification model.

Introduction And Objective: Although node-positive (cN+) bladder cancer is considered Stage IV disease, a subset of patients is treated with chemotherapy and consolidative radical cystectomy (RC). We examined the clinical outcomes of such patients and developed a risk prediction model to facilitate risk-stratification and management.

Methods: We identified adult patients with cTany cN1-3 M0 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with chemotherapy followed by RC from 2006 to 2013 in the NCDB.

Indications for stent omission after ureteroscopic lithotripsy defined: A single-institution experience with cost analysis.

: To report on our experience with the use of an evidence-based algorithm defining specific indications for stent omission (SO) after ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL), as stent placement has been associated with increased cost and morbidity and indications for SO in the setting of uncomplicated ureteroscopy have been proposed but remain vague. : Indications for SO were defined as per the attached figure, data from URSL procedures performed from January 2016 to September 2017 were collected. For procedures eligible for SO, preoperative and intraoperative factors were recorded including: stone burden, presence of preoperative stent, procedure time, access sheath use, and whether SO was performed.

Hydrocarbon reservoir characterization and discrimination using well-logs over "AIB-EX" Oil Field, Niger Delta.

A computerized advanced statistical analysis which involves the characterization of reservoir elements involving mapping of lithofacies and pore fluids through crossplots of basic seismic variables in both bi-variate and tri-variate domains and functional transformations including rotation of axes have been used as discriminant tools over "AIB-EX" Oil Field, Niger Delta. The methodology encompasses reconstruction of geologic lithofacies information from geophysical logs. Reservoir characterization, rock physics analysis and log inversion were carried out using IHS Kingdom Advanced and Origin software.

Adult-type granulosa cell tumour of the testis: Report of a case and review of the literature.

Granulosa cell tumours (GCTs) can be either juvenile or adult type, and more commonly occur in the ovaries. Adult-type GCTs of the testis (AGCTT) are very rare and only 46 cases have previously been reported. We report here on a 48-year-old Filipino man with a left testicular AGCTT, which measured 1.

Endoscopic scene labelling and augmentation using intraoperative pulsatile motion and colour appearance cues with preoperative anatomical priors.

Purpose: Despite great advances in medical image segmentation, the accurate and automatic segmentation of endoscopic scenes remains a challenging problem. Two important aspects have to be considered in segmenting an endoscopic scene: (1) noise and clutter due to light reflection and smoke from cutting tissue, and (2) structure occlusion (e.g.

Simultaneous Multi-Structure Segmentation and 3D Nonrigid Pose Estimation in Image-Guided Robotic Surgery.

In image-guided robotic surgery, segmenting the endoscopic video stream into meaningful parts provides important contextual information that surgeons can exploit to enhance their perception of the surgical scene. This information provides surgeons with real-time decision-making guidance before initiating critical tasks such as tissue cutting. Segmenting endoscopic video is a challenging problem due to a variety of complications including significant noise attributed to bleeding and smoke from cutting, poor appearance contrast between different tissue types, occluding surgical tools, and limited visibility of the objects' geometries on the projected camera views.

Automatic segmentation of occluded vasculature via pulsatile motion analysis in endoscopic robot-assisted partial nephrectomy video.

Hilar dissection is an important and delicate stage in partial nephrectomy, during which surgeons remove connective tissue surrounding renal vasculature. Serious complications arise when the occluded blood vessels, concealed by fat, are missed in the endoscopic view and as a result are not appropriately clamped. Such complications may include catastrophic blood loss from internal bleeding and associated occlusion of the surgical view during the excision of the cancerous mass (due to heavy bleeding), both of which may compromise the visibility of surgical margins or even result in a conversion from a minimally invasive to an open intervention.

Automatic labelling of tumourous frames in free-hand laparoscopic ultrasound video.

Laparoscopic ultrasound (US) is often used during partial nephrectomy surgeries to identify tumour boundaries within the kidney. However, visual identification is challenging as tumour appearance varies across patients and US images exhibit significant noise levels. To address these challenges, we present the first fully automatic method for detecting the presence of kidney tumour in free-hand laparoscopic ultrasound sequences in near real-time.