The Burden of Plastic Surgery Related Disease in Canada: A Perspective Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study.

Identifying the burden of disease related to plastic and reconstructive surgery in Canada will provide timely population-based data, inform policy, and generate support for research funding. Data on the burden of disease (ie, prevalence, incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]), were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 results tool for all available and relevant plastic surgery diseases. The economic burden of disease in Canadian dollars was calculated based on prior studies.

A Review of Skin Disease in Schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia is a debilitating neuropsychiatric condition that affects 0.5% of the North American population. Skin disease in schizophrenia has not been well described.

Canadian Burden of Skin Disease From 1990 to 2017: Results From the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study [Formula: see text].

Background: Skin diseases can have high morbidity that can be costly to society and individuals. To date, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the burden of skin disease in Canada.

Objectives: To evaluate the burden of 18 skin and subcutaneous diseases from 1990 to 2017 in Canada using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data.

Inflammatory dietary pattern and incident psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and atopic dermatitis in women: A cohort study.

Background: Diet is a modulator of inflammation that might impact inflammatory skin diseases.

Objective: To assess the relationship between pro-inflammatory dietary patterns and incident psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and atopic dermatitis (AD).

Methods: We conducted cohort studies among women in the Nurses' Health Study II.

Combination Therapies for Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Retrospective Chart Review of 31 Patients.

Background: Although a variety of medical and surgical interventions exist for the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), it remains a challenging disease to manage because of its variable presentation and unpredictable clinical course. Apart from the combination of clindamycin and rifampin, the success of other combination therapies is largely unknown.

Objectives: The goal of our study was to examine the clinical utility of various combination therapies for the treatment of HS.

The Burden of Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Canadian Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objectives: Although atopic dermatitis (AD) has significant impacts on quality of life, data from Canada on the subject are limited. This survey aims to assess the burden of moderate to severe AD on quality of life and disease management for pediatric patients and their caregivers in Canada.

Methods: The Eczema Society of Canada conducted an online national cross-sectional survey in English and French.

Differential effects of cannabis dependence on cortical inhibition in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychiatric controls.

Background: Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance among patients with schizophrenia. Cannabis exacerbates psychotic symptoms and leads to poor functional outcomes. Dysfunctional cortical inhibition has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia; however, the effects of cannabis on this mechanism have been relatively unexamined.

Effects of varenicline on motor cortical plasticity in non-smokers with schizophrenia.

Background: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and deficits in this system may contribute to high rates of cigarette smoking in this population. nAChR stimulation may modulate neuroplasticity, or long-term potentiation (LTP), which is a key mediator of cognitive performance. Varenicline is a nAChR partial agonist that may improve cognitive deficits in both smokers and non-smokers with schizophrenia; however, the mechanism by which varenicline alters cognition in schizophrenia remains unclear.

Deficits in GABAA receptor function and working memory in non-smokers with schizophrenia.

Background: Although altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it is unclear whether the influence of GABA on working memory processes is confounded by nicotine use in this population. It is therefore crucial to evaluate working memory and its underlying mechanisms in non-smokers with schizophrenia to eliminate the confounding effects of nicotine on behavior and neurophysiology.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, working memory was assessed using the verbal N-back task, while GABAergic function was assessed through motor cortical inhibition using single and paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the left primary motor cortex in 11 non-smokers with schizophrenia and 13 non-smoker healthy subjects.

Contribution of decreased serotonin release to the antidyskinetic effects of deep brain stimulation in a rodent model of tardive dyskinesia: comparison of the subthalamic and entopeduncular nuclei.

Mechanisms whereby deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or internal globus pallidus (GPi) reduces dyskinesias remain largely unknown. Using vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) induced by chronic haloperidol as a model of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in rats, we confirmed the antidyskinetic effects of DBS applied to the STN or entopeduncular nucleus (EPN, the rodent homolog of the GPi). We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the role of serotonin (5-HT) in these effects.