The Role of Autophagy in Tumor Immunology-Complex Mechanisms That May Be Explored Therapeutically.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is complex, and its composition and dynamics determine tumor fate. From tumor cells themselves, with their capacity for unlimited replication, migration, and invasion, to fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, which can have pro and/or anti-tumor potential, interaction among these elements determines tumor progression. The understanding of molecular pathways involved in immune escape has permitted the development of cancer immunotherapies.

ANIMAL MODELS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a very frequent sort of neoplasm among the population, with a high mortality rate. It develops from an association of genetic and environmental factors, and it is related to multiple cell signaling pathways. Cell cultures and animal models are used in research to reproduce the process of disease development in humans.