Publications by authors named "Alana Klein"

There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces the incidence of diet-related diseases. To date, the habitual dietary intake of New Zealand (NZ) adults has not been examined in relation to its alignment with a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. This study aimed to define the habitual dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of 1012 NZ adults (86% female, mean age 48 ± 16 years) who had their diabetes risk defined by the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK).

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The COVID-19 pandemic-with its wide-reaching social, political, and economic implications-showcases the importance of public health governance. Governmental accountability is at the forefront of societal preoccupations, as state actors attempt to manage the pandemic by using sweeping emergency powers which grant them significant discretion. Though emergency measures have tremendous impacts on citizens' lives, elected officials and civil society have little input in how governments wield these powers.

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One of harm reduction's most salient features is its pragmatism. Harm reduction purports to distinguish itself from dominant prohibitionist and abstinence-based policy paradigms by being grounded in what is realistic, in contrast with the moralism or puritanism of prohibition and abstention. This is reflected in the meme "harm reduction works", popular both in institutional and grassroots settings.

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The U.K. Court of Appeal has ruled against prisoner John Shelley's challenge to the Prison Service refusal to provide needle exchange in prison.

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In July 2006, the Supreme Court of California ruled that a man being sued for allegedly transmitting HIV to his partner was required to disclose information about his sexual history. The court also decided that in order to sue for negligent transmission of HIV, a plaintiff need not prove that the defendant actually knew he was HIV-positive at the time of sexual relations. Rather, it would be enough for the plaintiff to show that the defendant had reason to know he was living with HIV at the time of the alleged transmission.

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In an opinion issued on 11 October 2006, the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention declared that the detention of 11 men in Cameroon on the basis of their presumed sexual orientation constituted an arbitrary deprivation of liberty and a violation of the principle of equal protection of the law. The Working Group called on the Cameroonian government to "examine the possibility of amending the legislation" criminalizing homosexual sex.

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In October 2005, the Kansas Supreme Court struck down a law that would impose harsher penalties for same-sex statutory rape cases than for heterosexual cases. In arriving at its conclusion that the distinction had no rational basis, the Court noted that gay teenage sex is no more likely than adult or heterosexual sex to result in HIV transmission.

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An Australian appellate court granted bail to a man charged with two separate counts of endangering life for allegedly having unprotected sex with two partners without disclosing that he was HIV positive. The man, who has pleaded not guilty to both charges, is accused of having committed the second offence while he was released on bail awaiting trial for the first. In deciding to release him, the Court considered, among other things, the unique difficulties that people living with HIV/AIDS face in prisons.

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In November 2005, the UK Court of Appeals upheld deportation orders against four people with HIV who claimed that removal to their home countries, where they would be unable to obtain treatment, violated the rights to privacy and to be free from inhuman treatment under the European Convention on Human Rights. The Court of Appeal affirmed that only in exceptional circumstances could persons with HIV rely on the European Convention to avoid deportation. None of the applicants' circumstances were found to be exceptional.

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A new immigration law has been passed and will come into force in the near future. Community organizations have been critical of the proposed Regulations that will accompany the new law. Meanwhile, the federal government has instituted mandatory HIV testing of potential immigrants.

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The new regulations make it easier for same-sex partners to immigrate to Canada. However, the government has rejected suggestions to change the way it determines whether potential immigrants living with HIV/AIDS or other health conditions would place excessive demands on Canada's health and social services.

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