PM-bound elements in Luanda's urban atmosphere: Concentrations, sources, and their environmental and health impacts.

An unprecedented study was carried out in the megacity of Luanda, Angola, involving daily sampling of particulate matter (PM) from June to November 2023. The analysis was focused on the detection of 56 metal(loid)s and complemented by the application of several contamination and health risk indices. PM levels ranged from 23.