Meta-analysis of the factor structure of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS).

Introduction: The SAPS and SANS was designed to measure two broad factors, but the majority of factor analyses conducted have found substantially more dimensions. To investigate their structure a meta-analysis was conducted of SAPS and SANS factor analysis.

Method: A total of 42 articles reporting 55 factor analyses were retrieved from database searches (PubMed, PsychINFO) supplemented by searches of references.

Meta-analytic exploration of the joint factors of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Expanded (BPRS-E) and the positive and negative symptoms scales (PANSS).

Previous meta-analyses of the BPRS-E and PANSS were combined to analyze the joint factors across 77 factor analyses from 68 studies of 32,896 individuals. The BPRS-E and PANSS share the 18 original BPRS items and each has additional unique items (6 BPRS-E and 12 PANSS). Based on the combined data across the BPRS-E and PANSS four separate sets of factor analyses were conducted using sample weighting (weighted and unweighted) and matrix type (similarity coefficients and reproduced correlations).

Meta-analysis of the positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) factor structure.

A meta-analysis of the results of 45 factor analyses (n = 22,812) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was conducted. Meta-analyses of the PANSS was conducted using both a co-occurrence similarity matrix and reproduced correlations. Both methods produced similar results.

Inpatient Psychiatric Hospitalization in Texas 1999 to 2010.

The primary purpose of the study was to examine the role public sector payers (Medicare and Medicaid) and providers (Texas state mental health hospitals) play in psychiatric hospitalization, using Texas annual hospital discharge files from 1999 to 2010. Psychiatric hospitalization, as defined by a primary behavioral health diagnosis (ICD-9 diagnoses 290-314.99) averaged 146,876 discharges per year, approximately 5.

Hospitalization Patterns over 30 Years Across a Statewide System of Public Mental Health Hospitals: Readmission Predictors, Optimal Follow-Up Period, Readmission Clusters and Individuals with Statistically Significant High Healthcare Utilization.

Four related hospital utilization questions (optimal follow-up period, predictors of readmission, definition of individuals with statistically significant high healthcare utilization, and patterns of readmissions) were examined using data for 491,094 hospital discharges for 250,091 patients across a statewide public mental health hospital system for 30 years (1987 to 2016). Using survival analysis, the first quartile of the survival time, the time when 25% of the entire population of discharges had a readmission was 229 days. Using observed readmissions, rather than the population as in survival analysis, revealed that 50% of all observed readmissions occurred by 222 days.

Mortality Rates and Excess Death Rates for the Seriously Mentally Ill.

Objectives: -To compute mortality rates and excess death rates for patients with serious mental illness, specific to categories of gender, age and race/ethnicity.

Background: -People with serious mental illness are known to be at greatly increased risk of mortality across the lifespan. However, the measures of mortality reported for this high-risk population are typically only summary measures, which do not provide either the mortality rates or excess death rates needed to construct life tables for individuals with serious mental illness.

The Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program (MHSIP) Adult Consumer Satisfaction Survey Factor Structure and Relation to External Criteria.

The construct validity and generalizability of the Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program (MHSIP) adult consumer satisfaction survey was examined using a representative sample (N = 4242) of public mental health client surveys and assessment data. Factor analysis found five factors generally supporting the hypothesized scales of Satisfaction, Outcomes-Functioning, Access, Quality, and Social Connectedness that had acceptable reliability (average coefficient alpha = 0.91).

Factor structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale - Expanded (BPRS-E) in a large hospitalized sample.

Meta-analytically derived models of the BPRS-E factor structure were tested on a large (n = 33,903) hospitalized sample using confirmatory factor analysis. A modified four factor model (Positive symptoms, Negative symptoms, Affect, and Activation) containing 12 core BPRS-E symptoms based on the meta-analytic models had excellent model fit. An additional five factor, 15 core symptom model, which added a Disorganization factor consistent with the pentagonal model of schizophrenic symptoms also had support with generally good fit.

Relation of Mental Health to Alcohol and Substance Use Among Texas College Students.

We examined the effect of mental health problems and difficulties on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use among college students by using the 2013 Texas College Survey of Substance Use (n=11,216), which includes the K6 screening scale for severe mental illness (SMI). Students' K6 scores were used to classify them into 3 groups: those likely to have SMI (9% with scores ≥ 13), those with some mental health problems (36%), and those without mental health issues (55% with scores ≤ 4). Questions regarding ATOD use were analyzed using these 3 groups.

Electroconvulsive Therapy and All-Cause Mortality in Texas, 1998-2013.

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) remains an effective treatment for major depressive disorder. Since 1995, Texas has maintained an ECT database including patient diagnoses and outcomes, and reporting any deaths within 14 days of receiving an ECT treatment, encompassing a total of 166,711 ECT treatments administered in Texas over the previously unreported period of 1998 to 2013.

Methods: Descriptive analysis summarized information on deaths reported during the 16-year period-cause of death, type of treatment (index or maintenance) and patient demographics.

Factor structure of the Mental Health Statistics Improvement Program (MHSIP) Family and Youth satisfaction surveys.

Two studies of the Mental Health Statics Improvement Project (MHSIP) Family and Youth consumer satisfaction surveys factor structure and psychometrics were conducted. In study 1, the 2002-2006 Youth Services Survey for Families (N = 6,007) was administered to parents of children receiving services, and in study 2, the 2002-2004 Youth Services Survey (N = 1,718) was administered to children age 12-18 receiving services. Factor analyses across both studies found five factors that strongly supported the hypothesized scale domains of outcomes, satisfaction, cultural sensitivity, participation, and access.

General medical care external hospitalizations for patients in Texas state mental health hospitals.

We explored the characteristics of general medical hospital admissions for patients in state mental health hospitals. Data were extracted from a statewide database of all hospital discharges for 5 years identified as general medical hospital admissions that occurred during the stay of patients at state mental health hospitals. Across the 9 mental health hospitals in the state system, rates of admission to general medical hospitals varied significantly from 0.

Shortage of child and adolescent psychiatrists in Texas.

This study was conducted to determine how the current shortage of Texas child and adolescent psychiatrists (CAPs) impacts the delivery of mental health care services to indigent Texas youth. First, Texas Medical Board data detailed how many counties had CAPs and how many did not. Second, statewide Medicaid data revealed the number of prescriptions for psychotropics written for Medicaid youth by CAPs and non-CAPs.

SSRI Use and Behavioral Disruption Among Children and Adolescents at Austin State Hospital.

This study examined the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on children and adolescents' disruptive behavior. Administrative data were obtained for 1 year of child and adolescent admissions at Austin State Hospital. Two measures of disruptive behavior were operationally defined as the use of mechanical restraints and emergency medication.

Ethnic variation in symptoms and response to risperidone in youths with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.

Background: Evaluation of symptom presentation and antipsychotic response based on ethnicity in children and adolescents with schizophrenia is limited. The purpose of this naturalistic, retrospective database study was to compare symptom presentation of children and adolescents of different ethnicities with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and response to risperidone.

Method: African-American (n = 38), Caucasian (n = 30), or Hispanic (n = 37) youths started on risperidone were eligible.

Diagnoses and antipsychotic treatment among youths in a public mental health system.

Background: The use of antipsychotics, namely newer atypical agents, has increased significantly in children and adolescents. It is important to examine diagnoses associated with antipsychotic treatment in youths.

Objective: To evaluate trends in psychiatric diagnoses of children and adolescents in a public mental health system who were prescribed antipsychotics.

Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung.

Four separate metaanalyses of factor analyses were conducted for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The total number of participants (N) and studies (k) included in each of the metaanalyses were the following: BDI (N = 13,643, k = 33), CES-D (N = 22,340, k = 28), HRSD (N = 2,606, k = 17), and SDS (N = 12,621, k = 13). Metaanalysis results suggest that the specific depression symptom factors within each test appear to be relatively robust and well established and match fairly closely previously hypothesized factor structures.

Meta-analysis of the brief psychiatric rating scale factor structure.

A meta-analysis (N=17,620; k=26) of factor analyses of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) was conducted. Analysis of the 12 items from Overall et al.'s (J.

Weight changes in teens on psychotropic medication combinations at Austin State Hospital.

Psychiatrists commonly treat adolescents with multiple psychotropic medications simultaneously. We studied the effects of psychotropic medications on the weight of adolescent patients at Austin State Hospital between June 1997 and December 2001. The medication combinations that caused the largest weight increases were olanzapine with valproic acid, and olanzapine with venlafaxine.