The inverse association between cancer history and incident cognitive impairment: Addressing attrition bias.

Introduction: Cancer is inversely associated with cognitive impairment. Whether this is due to statistical handling of attrition (death and censoring) is unknown.

Methods: We quantified associations between cancer history and incident cognitive impairment among Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study participants without baseline cognitive impairment or stroke (n = 2604) using multiple competing-risks models and their corresponding estimands: cause-specific, subdistribution, and marginal hazards, plus composite-outcome (cognitive impairment or all-cause mortality) hazards.

Sex differences and predictors of anti-osteoporosis medication use in the 12 months after hip fracture surgery in adults 65 or older.

Purpose: This study evaluates sex differences and predictors of anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) use following a hip fracture, with a focus on older men who exhibit higher mortality rates post-fracture compared to women over the age of 65.

Methods: Participants included 151 men and 161 women aged 65 and older with hip fractures. The outcome, AOM use, was assessed at baseline (≤ 22 days of hospitalization) and at 2, 6, and 12 months post-hip fracture.

Effects of Multicomponent Home-Based Intervention on Muscle Composition, Fitness, and Bone Density After Hip Fracture.

Background: Mechanistic factors on the pathway to improving independent ambulatory ability among hip fracture patients by a multicomponent home-based physical therapy intervention that emphasized aerobic, strength, balance, and functional training are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 2 different home-based physical therapy programs on muscle area and attenuation (reflects muscle density) of the lower extremities, bone mineral density (BMD), and aerobic capacity.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial of home-based 16 weeks of strength, endurance, balance, and function exercises (PUSH, n = 19) compared to seated active range-of-motion exercises and transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (PULSE, n = 18) in community-dwelling adults >60 years of age within 26 weeks of hip fracture.

Evaluation of Dynamic Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Physical Function in Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: To assess how changes in depressive symptoms influence physical function over time among those with radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with radiographic knee OA (n = 2,212) and complete data were identified at baseline. Depressive symptoms were assessed as a time-varying score at baseline and the first three annual follow-up visits using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) Scale.

Duloxetine plus exercise for knee osteoarthritis and depression: A feasibility study.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of a 24-week, center-based, aerobic exercise program plus duloxetine to treat symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and major depression.

Design: Patients with symptomatic knee OA and major depression were recruited between August 2021 and November 2022 from the University of Maryland and VA Maryland Health Care Systems and Baltimore metropolitan area using medical records and advertisements. The intervention included 1) supervised treadmill walking 3 times weekly and 2) duloxetine starting at 30 ​mg each day and titrating up to the optimal dosage of 60 ​mg daily.

Time-varying treatment effect modification of oral analgesic effectiveness by depressive symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: an application of structural nested mean models in a prospective cohort.

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in knee osteoarthritis (OA), exacerbate knee pain severity and may influence outcomes of oral analgesic treatments. The aim was to assess whether oral analgesic effectiveness in knee OA varies by fluctuations in depressive symptoms.

Methods: The sample included Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) participants not treated with oral analgesics at enrolment (n = 1477), with radiographic disease at the first follow-up visit (defined as the index date).

Multicomponent Home-based Physical Therapy Versus Usual Care for Recovery After Hip Fracture.

Objective: To quantify the effect of 2 home-based 16-week multi-component physical therapy interventions on functional recovery compared to usual care after hip fracture.

Design: Cross-study comparison using participants from the Community Ambulation Project (CAP; a randomized controlled trial) were compared to the Baltimore Hip Studies-seventh cohort (BHS-7; an observational cohort study) at 3 different time points (CAP: 15, 31, 55 weeks; BHS-7: 8, 26, and 52 weeks).

Setting: General community PARTICIPANTS: Combined convenience sample of hip-fracture patients 8-26 weeks post admission from a prospective cohort study and randomized controlled trial.

Long-term sex differences in all-cause and infection-specific mortality post hip fracture.

Background: Mortality rates among men are double that of women in the first 2 years after hip fracture and may be related to more infections. Research has only examined differences in short-term mortality after hip fracture. Thus, the objective was to determine if long-term all-cause mortality and infection-specific mortality rates are higher in men compared to women.

Depressive symptom heterogeneity among older adults after hip fracture.

Objective: to evaluate patterns of depressive symptoms after hip fracture and examine their impact on functional recovery.

Methods: participants (n = 304) included older adults from the Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort who experienced a hip fracture. Depressive symptoms were measured at baseline or 2-, 6- or 12-month post-hip fracture using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale.

Relationship Between Depression and Disease Activity in United States Veterans With Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Methotrexate.

Objective: Depression is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), exacerbates disease activity, and may decrease response to first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. This study aimed to determine if depression affects disease activity among veterans with early RA prescribed methotrexate (MTX).

Methods: Participants included veterans enrolled in the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry with early RA (onset < 2 yrs) prescribed MTX.

Association between disease progression and depression onset in persons with radiographic knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) disease progression may lead to deteriorating psychosocial function, but it is unclear what aspects of disease severity are related to the onset of depression. This study assessed which components of OA disease progression cumulatively contribute to depression onset in persons with radiographic knee OA.

Methods: Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (n = 1651) with radiographic disease (Kellgren-Lawrence grade ≥2) in one or both knees and below the screening threshold for probable depression [Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale <16] at baseline were included.

Differences in geometric strength at the contralateral hip between men with hip fracture and non-fractured comparators.

Older men sustain excess bone mineral density (BMD) declines after hip fracture; however, BMD provides no information on mechanical structure and strength. The aim was to assess whether changes in hip bone geometry in older men after hip fracture differ than that expected with aging. Two cohorts were used: Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort (BHS-7) and Baltimore Men's Osteoporosis Study (MOST).

Depression Subtypes in Individuals With or at Risk for Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to identify depression subtypes in individuals with or at risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and to evaluate differences in pain and disability trajectories between groups.

Methods: Participants (n = 4,486) were enrolled in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Latent class analysis was applied to the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale measured at baseline to identify groups with similar patterns of depressive symptoms, and subtypes were assigned using posterior probability estimates.

Trunk Muscle Composition 2 Months After Hip Fracture: Findings From the Baltimore Hip Studies.

Objective: To determine if hip fracture patients would have smaller cross-sectional area (CSA) and lower radiological attenuation (suggesting greater fat infiltration) in all trunk muscles as compared to older adults without hip fractures.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans.

Setting: Clinical imaging facility.

Persistence of depressive symptoms and gait speed recovery in older adults after hip fracture.

Objective: Depression after hip fracture in older adults is associated with worse physical performance; however, depressive symptoms are dynamic, fluctuating during the recovery period. The study aim was to determine how the persistence of depressive symptoms over time cumulatively affects the recovery of physical performance.

Methods: Marginal structural models estimated the cumulative effect of persistence of depressive symptoms on gait speed during hip fracture recovery among older adults (n = 284) enrolled in the Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort.

Dynamic Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Osteoarthritis Knee Pain.

Objective: To estimate the dynamic causal effects of depressive symptoms on osteoarthritis (OA) knee pain.

Methods: Marginal structural models were used to examine dynamic associations between depressive symptoms and pain over 48 months among older adults (n = 2,287) with radiographic knee OA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade 2 or 3) in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Depressive symptoms at each annual visit were assessed (threshold ≥16) using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.

Depressive symptoms and structural disease progression in knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative.

Depressive symptoms are associated with increases in pain and functional limitations in knee osteoarthritis (OA). The aim was to determine whether depressive symptoms are also associated with greater structural knee OA progression. Four years of annual radiographic and clinical assessments from the Osteoarthritis Initiative were analyzed.

Effects of Prefracture Depressive Illness and Postfracture Depressive Symptoms on Physical Performance After Hip Fracture.

Objectives: To compare the effect of prefracture depressive illness and postfracture depressive symptoms on changes in physical performance after hip fracture.

Design: Longitudinal observational cohort.

Setting: Baltimore metropolitan area.

Difference in the trajectory of change in bone geometry as measured by hip structural analysis in the narrow neck, intertrochanteric region, and femoral shaft between men and women following hip fracture.

Prior studies have shown that women have declines in bone structure and strength after hip fracture, but it is unclear whether men sustain similar changes. Therefore, the objective was to examine sex differences in proximal femur geometry following hip fracture. Hip structural analysis was used to derive metrics of bone structure and strength: aerial bone mineral density, cross-sectional bone area (CSA), cortical outer diameter, section modulus (SM), and buckling ratio (BR) from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans performed at baseline (within 22days of hospital admission), two, six, or twelve months after hip fracture in men and women (n=282) enrolled in the Baltimore Hip Studies 7th cohort.

A Prospective Evaluation of the Effects of Prevalent Depressive Symptoms on Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Biologic Response Modifiers.

Purpose: Depressive symptoms are common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may affect disease activity and treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine if prevalent depressive symptoms modify biologic treatment response through their effect on RA disease activity.

Methods: RA patients with depressive symptoms, initiating biologic treatment, were identified from a US RA registry sample.

Differences in the trajectory of bone mineral density change measured at the total hip and femoral neck between men and women following hip fracture.

Unlabelled: Research has not examined changes in bone mineral density (BMD) between men and women following hip fracture. The aim was to evaluate sex differences in BMD following hip fracture. Men experienced significant declines in BMD, while not statistically greater than women, underscoring the necessity for better osteoporosis care in men.

Temporal effect of depressive symptoms on the longitudinal evolution of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity.

Objective: Depression is common in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) population, yet little is known of its effect on the course of disease activity. The aim of our study was to determine if prevalent and incident depressive symptoms influenced longitudinal changes in RA disease activity.

Methods: RA patients with and without depressive symptoms were identified using single-item questions from an existing registry sample.

Temporal associations between the different domains of rheumatoid arthritis disease activity and the onset of patient-reported depressive symptoms.

Background: Depression is a frequently occurring comorbid condition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and research into the temporal relationships regarding its onset has mainly focused on functional status. The study aim was to examine temporal associations of the diverse measures of RA disease activity with incident self-reports of depressive symptoms.

Methods: RA patients from the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry were utilized.

A description of patient- and rheumatologist-reported depression symptoms in an American rheumatoid arthritis registry population.

Objectives: Depression is a common and important comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study aim was to describe rates of depressive symptoms and their associations with RA disease activity using measures reported from patients and rheumatologists.

Methods: The Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry is an observational cohort with data on more than 33,000 RA patients.

The temporal relationship between depression and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, treatment persistence and response: a systematic review.

Objective: To determine whether depression has a temporal association with RA disease activity, treatment persistence and response to therapy.

Methods: We performed a systematic review encompassing an electronic database search of all published literature since the availability of biologic response modifiers (beginning in 1998) investigating the impact of depression on downstream RA disease progression and treatment.

Results: Only seven articles that evaluated temporal relationships between depression and RA outcomes comprising disease activity, treatment persistence and response to therapy, were included in the review.