Ectoparasites of the Critically Endangered Giant Shovelnose Ray Glaucostegus typus in the Eastern Indian Ocean, with a Summary of the Known Metazoan Parasites.

Purpose: This study examined the metazoan ectoparasites of the Critically Endangered giant shovelnose ray, Glaucostegus typus, in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Methods: We screened 186 G. typus for ectoparasites in four coastal regions of Western Australia between 2020 and 2022: the Pilbara Region, Exmouth Gulf, Ningaloo Coast and Shark Bay.

Ectoparasites of the Critically Endangered green sawfish Pristis zijsron and sympatric elasmobranchs in Western Australia.

This study reports the metazoan ectoparasite fauna of juvenile Critically Endangered green sawfish, Pristis zijsron, and sympatric elasmobranchs in Western Australia. Five parasite taxa were found on 76 screened P. zijsron: Caligus furcisetifer (Copepoda: Caligidae), Dermopristis pterophila (Monogenea: Microbothriidae), Branchellion plicobranchus and Stibarobdella macrothela (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae), and praniza larvae of an unidentified gnathiid isopod.

The evolution of NLRC3 subfamily genes in Sebastidae teleost fishes.

Background: With more than 36,000 valid fish species, teleost fishes constitute the most species-rich vertebrate clade and exhibit extensive genetic and phenotypic variation, including diverse immune defense strategies. NLRC3 subfamily genes, which are specific to fishes, play vital roles in the immune system of teleosts. The evolution of teleosts has been impacted by several whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, which might be a key reason for the expansions of the NLRC3 subfamily, but detailed knowledge of NLRC3 subfamily evolution in the family Sebastidae is still limited.

Conservation of parasites: A primer.

Although parasites make up a substantial proportion of the biotic component of ecosystems, in terms of both biomass and number of species, they are rarely considered in conservation planning, except where they are thought to pose a threat to the conservation of their hosts. In this review, we address a number of unresolved questions concerning parasite conservation. Arguments for conserving parasite species refer to the intrinsic value conferred by their evolutionary heritage and potential, their functional role in the provision of ecosystem services, and their value as indicators of ecosystem quality.

Traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and experimental evidence.

Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of conventional antiparasitic drugs is often inhibited due to limited availability, side effects or parasite resistance. Medicinal plants can be used as alternatives or adjuncts to current antiparasitic therapies.

Medicinal plants as a source of antiparasitics: an overview of experimental studies.

Despite advances in modern human and veterinary medicine, gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections remain a significant health issue worldwide, mainly in developing countries. Increasing evidence of the multi-drug resistance of these parasites and the side effects of currently available synthetic drugs have led to increased research on alternative medicines to treat parasitic infections. The exploration of potential botanical antiparasitics, which are inexpensive and abundant, may be a promising alternative in this context.

Susceptibility of to Plant Antiparasitic Compounds.

Cryptosporidium parvum is a significant cause of watery diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. Although hundreds of novel drugs have been evaluated, no effective specific chemotherapeutic intervention for C. parvum has been reported.

The immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network in the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) induced by Vibrio anguillarum.

Recently, Vibrio anguillarum, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, has been becoming a major constraint on the development of the turbot aquaculture industry because of its characteristics of worldwide distribution, broad host range and potentially devastating impacts. Although the functions of protein-coding mRNAs in the immune response against bacterial infection have been reported, as well as several non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as circular RNAs (circRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), the relationships between mRNAs and ncRNAs in the immune system of turbot liver are still limited during bacterial infection. In present study, the comprehensive analyses of whole-transcriptome sequencing were conducted in turbot liver infected by V.

Systematic identification and characterization of lncRNAs and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) induced with Vibrio anguillarum.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can regulate mRNA by targeting miRNA in a competing endogenous RNA network, have become a hot topic in the research of fish immune mechanism recent years. While in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), an economically important marine fish, there are limited researches about the role of lncRNAs in its immune response to bacterial infection.

Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy.

Streptococcosis, particularly that caused by and , is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the global sustainability of aquaculture development. Despite a wide spread of the disease in aquaculture, few studies have been directed at assessing the in vitro antagonistic activity and efficacy of medicinal herbs and other plants against streptococcal agents. Most studies of plant extractives against and have found antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those containing eugenol, carvacrol or thymol, are more effective.

A new microbothriid monogenean n. sp. from the skin of the Critically Endangered green sawfish Bleeker, 1851 (Batoidea: Pristidae) in Western Australia.

A new microbothriid monogenean n. sp. is described from the skin of the Critically Endangered green sawfish Bleeker, 1851 in the Ashburton River delta, northern Western Australia.

Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of a New Species of Parastrongyloides (Rhabditida: Strongyloididae) from the Short-Beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus from Western Australia.

Introduction: A new species of the nematode genus Parastrongyloides Morgan, 1928 was found in the caecum of six short-beaked echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792) collected from southwestern Australia between August 1964 and March 2020.

Methods: Specimens were prepared for microscopic examination as temporary wet mounts, measurements were made using an Olympus DP71 camera with cellSens standard software, figures were drawn using a drawing tube and light micrographs taken. DNA was extracted using a Qiagen blood and tissue kit, amplified targeting the COX1 gene region.

Fish out of water: Aquatic parasites in a drying world.

Although freshwater ecosystems are among the most diverse and endangered in the world, little attention has been paid to either the importance of parasitic disease as a threatening process for freshwater organisms, or the co-extinction risk of freshwater parasites. In this review, we use theoretical and empirical studies of host/parasite interactions to examine these issues, particularly with respect to the threat posed by climate change to fish and parasite communities in intermittent rivers. Intermittent rivers are those that cease to flow at any point in time or space, with isolated pools providing ecological refuges for freshwater biota between streamflow events.

Population structure and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in Australia and Ghana.

Population genetic studies of Trichomonas vaginalis have detected high genetic diversity associated with phenotypic differences in clinical presentations. In this study, microscopy and next generation-multi-locus sequence typing (NG-MLST) were used to identify and genetically characterise T. vaginalis isolates from patients in Australia and Ghana.

Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation.

Fauna translocations play an integral role in the management of threatened wildlife, though we are limited by our understanding of how the host-parasite community changes during translocation. During this longitudinal field-based study, we monitored gastrointestinal, blood-borne and ectoparasite taxa infecting woylies () for up to 12 months following two fauna translocations to supplement existing wild woylie populations in three different sites (Dryandra, Walcott and Warrup East) within the south-west of Western Australia. We aimed to (a) identify changes in parasite community structure of both translocated and resident woylies following translocation; and (b) evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin treatment in translocated hosts.

Identification of a novel species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from the woylie, Bettongia penicillata Gray (Diprotodontia: Potoroidae) and the genetic characterisation of three Eimeria spp. from other potoroid marsupials.

Faecal samples (n = 1,093) collected from the woylie Bettongia penicillata Gray, in south-western Australia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. Eimeria sp. oöcysts were detected in 15.

Freshwater tributaries provide refuge and recolonization opportunities for mussels following salinity reversal.

Reversing the effects of secondary salinization, and its impacts on aquatic biodiversity, is a growing global challenge, and particularly prevalent in Mediterranean-climate regions. Remnant freshwater tributaries in salinized landscapes provide significant biodiversity values, including discrete areas of refuge, dilution of salinized reaches, and potential source populations for recolonisation. The importance of these areas for aquatic fauna is widely accepted but rarely evaluated in the field.

Anthropozoonotic significance, risk factors and spatial distribution of spp. infections in quenda () in the greater Perth region, Western Australia.

spp. infections in wildlife populations have been linked to anthropogenic sources of infection and public health risk in a diversity of wildlife species and ecological locations worldwide. Quenda () remain in many urbanised areas of Perth, Western Australia, and can be gregarious in their interactions with humans and domestic animals.

Trichomonas vaginalis infection in southern Ghana: clinical signs associated with the infection.

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent for the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women of child-bearing age. In Ghana, although the infection is prevalent, there is a dearth of data on the risk factors and symptoms associated with T. vaginalis infection.

Increased Trypanosoma spp. richness and prevalence of haemoparasite co-infection following translocation.

Background: Understanding how fauna translocation and antiparasitic drug treatment impact parasite community structure within a host is vital for optimising translocation outcomes. Trypanosoma spp. and piroplasms (Babesia and Theileria spp.

Substrate type and age are risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism in greyhound kennels.

The control of parasitic infections is particularly challenging in environments that are conducive to the maintenance of parasite lifecycles, such as the greyhound kennel, where the long-term breeding and rearing of dogs is common. The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites within the Australian greyhound population has never previously been assessed, which seriously constrains the implementation of effective control measures. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for GI parasites in Australian greyhounds, identify parasites which may be detrimental to the health and performance of dogs, and evaluate the likelihood of zoonotic transmission to kennel staff.

Bioavailability and palatability of praziquantel incorporated into solid-lipid nanoparticles fed to yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi.

In an effort to overcome the palatability issues currently constraining the effective delivery of praziquantel (PZQ) via feed to treat monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish, this study compared the bioavailability and palatability of PZQ in hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) against pure PZQ in this species. Improving bioavailability would facilitate lower dietary inclusion levels to achieve the same therapeutic dose and therefore reduce the bitterness of feeds containing PZQ. Bioavailability was determined by co-administering feed with either pure PZQ, HCO-SLN or HCO-SLN coated with chitosan via intubation and quantifying the pharmacokinetics response.

Growth Behavior and Fatty Acid Production of Probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis, at Different Concentrations of Fructooligosaccharide: Studies Validating Clinical Efficacy of Selected Synbiotics on Growth Performance of Caspian Roach (Rutilus frisii kutum) Fry.

Growth behavior and production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of two probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis, each at 10 cfu/g (P1, L1) and 10 cfu/g (P2, L2) at different concentrations of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) [0.5% (F1), 1% (F2), and 2% (F3)] were assessed in vitro. The time to reach the maximum growth of the probiotics in all 12 treatments was between 8 to 10 h, with the highest and the lowest growth rates obtained in F1L1P1 (0.

Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (): A diagnostic investigation.

During monitoring of critically endangered woylie () populations within the south-west of Western Australia, an adult female woylie was euthanased after being found in extremely poor body condition with diffuse alopecia, debilitating skin lesions and severe ectoparasite infestation. G2 and sp. were detected molecularly within tissue samples collected post-mortem.