Toxicity Risk Assessment of Clethodim Enantiomers in Rats and Mice: Insights from Stereoselective Effects.

Clethodim is a chiral herbicide with two enantiomers. The herbicidal activity of (-)-clethodim is 1.3-2.

Toxicokinetics and bioavailability of indoxacarb enantiomers and their new metabolites in rats.

Indoxacarb is a chiral insecticide that consists of two enantiomers, S-(+)-indoxacarb and R-(-)-indoxacarb, of which only S-(+)-indoxacarb has insecticidal activity. Previous enantioselective toxicology studies of indoxacarb focused mostly on simple environmental model organisms. The lack of a toxicology evaluation of indoxacarb conducted in a mammalian system could mean that the extent of the potential health risk posed by the insecticide to humans is not adequately known.

Some evidence supporting the use of optically pure R-(-)-diniconazole: Toxicokinetics and configuration conversion on chiral diniconazole.

Diniconazole is a chiral pesticide that exists in two enantiomers, R-(-)-diniconazole and S-(+)-diniconazole, with the R-enantiomer being much more active than the S-enantiomer. Previous enantioselective toxicology studies of diniconazole focused mostly on simple environmental model organisms. In this study, we evaluated the toxicokinetics of the two diniconazole enantiomers in rats and mice to provide a more comprehensive risk assessment.

Transcriptome Analysis and Identification of Cadmium-Induced Oxidative Stress Response Genes in Different Developmental Stages.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the major pollutants in the aquatic environment, and it can easily accumulate in aquatic animals and result in toxic effects by changing the metabolism of the body, causing a serious impact on the immune system, reproductive system, and the development of offspring. The clam is one of the commercially important species that is cultivated in large-scale aquaculture in China. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of Cd in the developmental processes, fertilized eggs and larvae of at different developmental stages were exposed to Cd (27.

Identification of Novel Alkaloids from L. and Characterization of Their Pharmacokinetics and GLP-1 Secretion-Promoting Activity in STC-1 Cells.

Six new alkaloids (compounds -) were isolated from L. The compounds were triple pair ( and , and , and and ) enantiomers, with , , and in the -configuration and , , and in the -configuration, and all could bind to SUR1 according to molecular docking analysis. Treatment of STC-1 cells with each compound led to an influx of intracellular Ca, eventually leading to the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), with compound giving the highest secretion, resulting in 24.

Assessment of toxic metal pollution in Yueqing Bay and the extent of metal-induced oxidative stress in Tegillarca granosa raised in this water.

Yueqing Bay is an important economic shellfish culture zone in Zhejiang Province, China. However, increased pollution in the water caused by toxic metals has led to the bioaccumulation of toxic metals in cockles such as Tegillarca granosa, and the consequence of toxic metal-associated toxicity in these animals. This study aimed to assess the concentration of toxic metals in the water and sediment in four different sites (Baisha, Qingjiang, Nanyue, and Wengyang) within Yueqing Bay and to evaluate the extent of metal bioaccumulation in T.

Toxicokinetics of Two Oxathiapiprolin Enantiomers in Rats and Their Stereoselective Interaction with Oxysterol Binding Protein.

Oxathiapiprolin is a chiral fungicide, and it can affect the metabolism of the cholesterol compounds by inhibiting oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) to exert its fungicidal effect. The application of oxathiapiprolin in agriculture is widespread, and its residue in the environment is a threat to both human and animal health. The two oxathiapiprolin enantiomers differ in their fungicidal activity, biotoxicity, and degradation by environmental forces.

Purification and characterization of two forms of methanol dehydrogenases from a marine methylotroph.

Two methanol dehydrogenases (MDHs), MDH1 and MDH2, were purified from a marine methylotroph, Methylophaga sp. strain 1. Both enzymes had very similar properties, including the same native molecular weight, sizes of subunits and substrate specificity.