Detrusor underactivity and the underactive bladder: a new clinical entity? A review of current terminology, definitions, epidemiology, aetiology, and diagnosis.

Context: Detrusor underactivity (DU) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in both men and women, yet is poorly understood and underresearched.

Objective: To review the current terminology, definitions, and diagnostic criteria in use, along with the epidemiology and aetiology of DU, as a basis for building a consensus on the standardisation of current concepts.

Evidence Acquisition: The Medline and Embase databases were searched for original articles and reviews in the English language pertaining to DU.

Office-based behavioral therapy for management of incontinence and other pelvic disorders.

According to evidence-based research and guidelines, behavioral interventions are effective and are recommended as first-line office-based treatment for incontinence and other pelvic disorders. These interventions are aimed at improving symptoms through education on healthy voiding habits and lifestyle modifications. Bladder training techniques are included, which involve progressive voiding schedules together with relaxation and distraction for urgency suppression as well as, pelvic floor muscle strengthening to prevent urine leakage, control urgency, and improve bladder emptying.

The Kallikrein Panel for prostate cancer screening: its economic impact.

Background: Current diagnostic testing for prostate cancer results in numerous unnecessary biopsy procedures and creates a substantial financial burden. A statistical prediction model for prostate cancer has been developed, based on four Kallikrein markers in blood. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the aggregated results from published studies of the Kallikrein Panel.

Effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on myosin light chain phosphorylation and obstruction-induced detrusor overactivity.

Objectives: To study the relationship between myosin light chain phosphorylation of the detrusor muscle and spontaneous smooth muscle contractions in a rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction.

Methods: New Zealand white rabbit urinary bladders were partially obstructed for 2 weeks. Rabbits were euthanized, detrusor muscle strips were hung on a force transducer and spontaneous activity was measured at varying concentrations (0-0.

Global prevalence and economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence: a systematic review.

Context: The prevalence and economic burden of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) are difficult to ascertain because of overlap with data on overactive bladder and other types of incontinence.

Objective: To summarize the evidence on the global prevalence and economic burden of UUI.

Evidence Acquisition: A PubMed search was performed used the following terms: (urgency urinary incontinence OR urge incontinence OR mixed incontinence OR overactive bladder) AND (burden OR cost OR economic OR prevalence).

Amino acid mutations in the caldesmon COOH-terminal functional domain increase force generation in bladder smooth muscle.

Caldesmon (CaD), a component of smooth muscle thin filaments, binds actin, tropomyosin, calmodulin, and myosin and inhibits actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by smooth muscle myosin. Internal deletions of the chicken CaD functional domain that spans from amino acids (aa) 718 to 731, which corresponds to aa 512-530 including the adjacent aa sequence in mouse CaD, lead to diminished CaD-induced inhibition of actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by myosin. Transgenic mice with mutations of five aa residues (Lys(523) to Gln, Val(524) to Leu, Ser(526) to Thr, Pro(527) to Cys, and Lys(529) to Ser), which encompass the ATPase inhibitory determinants located in exon 12, were generated by homologous recombination.