British memory research: A journey through the 20th century.

A century of research in memory has generated a wealth of knowledge encompassing theoretical developments within a number of distinct domains of memory. The aim of this article is to explore the progress made in memory research during the 20th century, to indicate critical influences on the direction of research, and to illustrate the important contribution made by British researchers. This article is confined to human memory research, and reviews research findings from the various psychological disciplines studied over the past 100 years.

Deterioration of frontal lobe function in normal aging: influences of fluid intelligence versus perceptual speed.

A group of young participants were compared with 2 groups of older participants (young-old, 65-74 years and old-old, 75 years or over) on a range of frontal lobe tasks. They were also assessed on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), a test of digit cancellation (DC), the AH4 test of fluid intelligence, and the National Adult Reading Test (NART)-a measure of crystalized intelligence. Reliable age differences on all frontal measures except word fluency (FAS) were found.

UNLEARNING JOHN MAJOR: THE USE OF ERRORLESS LEARNING IN THE REACQUISITION OF PROPER NAMES FOLLOWING HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS.

In this study we examined the value of errorless learning as a means of restoring memory for proper names in an individual who had becomedysnomic following herpes simplex encephalitis. In Experiment 1 the errorless learning technique was used to teach the subject (PM) the names of eightpoliticians thathe had forgotten. In evaluating thetechnique, we also examined whether there was any generalisation to the naming of untrained politicians' names that he had also forgotten and whether the technique had any effect on politicians' names he was able to produce at the outset of training.