Reliability of Markerless Motion Capture Systems for Assessing Movement Screenings.

Background: Movement screenings are commonly used to detect unfavorable movement patterns. Markerless motion capture systems have been developed to track 3-dimensional motion.

Purpose: To determine the reliability of movement screenings assessed using a markerless motion capture system when comparing the results of multiple systems and multiple collection periods.

Efficacy for writing self-regulation, attitude toward writing, and quality of second grade students' writing.

Motivational beliefs, such as writing self-efficacy and attitude toward writing, are believed to foster or hinder writing by influencing if one chooses to write, how much effort is committed to writing, and what cognitive resources writers apply. In the current study, we examined self-efficacy for writing self-regulation and attitude toward writing of 2,124 Grade 2 Norwegian students (1,069 girls; 1,055 boys). We investigated if there were differences in each of these beliefs between girls and boys and students who differed in their language status (Norwegian first language, Norwegian and another language both first language, or language other than Norwegian first language).

A longitudinal intervention study of the effects of increasing amount of meaningful writing across grades 1 and 2.

The current study examined the effectiveness of a approach with young developing writers in Norway. This method is based on the premise that writing competence is acquired naturally through real use in meaningful contexts. Our longitudinal randomized control trial study tested this proposition by examining if increasing first grade students' opportunities to write in various genres for different purposes and for a range of audiences over a two-year time period improved the quality of their writing, handwriting fluency, and attitude towards writing.

The Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Writing: a Follow-up Replication Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the move by governments worldwide to cancel in-class instruction and move to emergency remote instruction in March and April of 2020 created an unprecedented disruption in children's education. As the COVID-19 pandemic took form and continued to impact education in the following 2020/2021 academic year, multiple concerns were raised about possible negative effects on students' learning. The current longitudinal replication study examined this proposition for second-grade students in Norway.

Stopping rules for multi-category computerized classification testing.

Computerized classification testing (CCT) aims to classify persons into one of two or more possible categories to make decisions such as mastery/non-mastery or meet most/meet all/exceed. A defining feature of CCT is its stopping criterion: the test terminates when there is enough confidence to make a decision. There is abundant research on CCT with a single cut-off, and two common stopping criteria are the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) statistic and the generalized likelihood ratio statistic (GLR).

A Continuous -Stratification Index for Item Exposure Control in Computerized Adaptive Testing.

The method of -stratification aims to reduce item overexposure in computerized adaptive testing, as items that are administered at very high rates may threaten the validity of test scores. In existing methods of -stratification, the item bank is partitioned into a fixed number of nonoverlapping strata according to the items' , or discrimination, parameters. This article introduces a continuous -stratification index which incorporates exposure control into the item selection index itself and thus eliminates the need for fixed discrete strata.

Portable mTBI Assessment Using Temporal and Frequency Analysis of Speech.

This paper shows that extraction and analysis of various acoustic features from speech using mobile devices can allow the detection of patterns that could be indicative of neurological trauma. This may pave the way for new types of biomarkers and diagnostic tools. Toward this end, we created a mobile application designed to diagnose mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) such as concussions.

On Computing the Key Probability in the Stochastically Curtailed Sequential Probability Ratio Test.

The Stochastically Curtailed Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SCSPRT) is a termination criterion for computerized classification tests (CCTs) that has been shown to be more efficient than the well-known Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT). The performance of the SCSPRT depends on computing the probability that at a given stage in the test, an examinee's current interim classification status will not change before the end of the test. Previous work discusses two methods of computing this probability, an exact method in which all potential responses to remaining items are considered and an approximation based on the central limit theorem (CLT) requiring less computation.

Item exposure control for multidimensional computer adaptive testing under maximum likelihood and expected a posteriori estimation.

Item bank stratification has been shown to be an effective method for combating item overexposure in both uni- and multidimensional computer adaptive testing. However, item bank stratification cannot guarantee that items will not be overexposed-that is, exposed at a rate exceeding some prespecified threshold. In this article, we propose enhancing stratification for multidimensional computer adaptive tests by combining it with the item eligibility method, a technique for controlling the maximum exposure rate in computerized tests.

The stochastically curtailed generalized likelihood ratio: A new termination criterion for variable-length computerized classification tests.

Computerized classification tests (CCTs) are used to classify examinees into categories in the context of professional certification testing. The term "variable-length" refers to CCTs that terminate (i.e.