Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI Mapping of Vascular Permeability for Evaluation of Breast Cancer Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response Using Image-to-Image Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks.

Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that has become a quantitative standard for assessing tumor microvascular permeability. Through the application of a pharmacokinetic (PK) model to a series of T1-weighed MR images acquired after an injection of a contrast agent, several vascular permeability parameters can be quantitatively estimated. These parameters, including K, a measure of capillary permeability, have been widely implemented for assessing tumor vascular function as well as tumor therapeutic response.

Exposed Phosphatidylserine as a Biomarker for Clear Identification of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases in Mouse Models.

Brain metastasis is the most common intracranial malignancy in adults. The prognosis is extremely poor, partly because most patients have more than one brain lesion, and the currently available therapies are nonspecific or inaccessible to those occult metastases due to an impermeable blood-tumor barrier (BTB). Phosphatidylserine (PS) is externalized on the surface of viable endothelial cells (ECs) in tumor blood vessels.