Impact of photobleaching on quantitative, spatio-temporal, super-resolution imaging of mitochondria in live larvae.

Super-resolution (SR) 3D rendering allows superior quantitative analysis of intracellular structures but has largely been limited to fixed or ex vivo samples. Here we developed a method to perform SR live imaging of mitochondria during post-embryonic development of . larvae.

Tufas indicate prolonged periods of water availability linked to human occupation in the southern Kalahari.

Detailed, well-dated palaeoclimate and archaeological records are critical for understanding the impact of environmental change on human evolution. Ga-Mohana Hill, in the southern Kalahari, South Africa, preserves a Pleistocene archaeological sequence. Relict tufas at the site are evidence of past flowing streams, waterfalls, and shallow pools.

Inhibition of arginase modulates T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment of lung carcinoma.

Immunotherapy has demonstrated significant activity in a broad range of cancer types, but still the majority of patients receiving it do not maintain durable therapeutic responses. Amino acid metabolism has been proposed to be involved in the regulation of immune response. Here, we investigated in detail the role of arginase 1 (Arg1) in the modulation of antitumor immune response against poorly immunogenic Lewis lung carcinoma.

Accurate dating of stalagmites from low seasonal contrast tropical Pacific climate using Sr 2D maps, fabrics and annual hydrological cycles.

Tropical Pacific stalagmites are commonly affected by dating uncertainties because of their low U concentration and/or elevated initial Th content. This poses problems in establishing reliable trends and periodicities for droughts and pluvial episodes in a region vulnerable to climate change. Here we constrain the chronology of a Cook Islands stalagmite using synchrotron µXRF two-dimensional mapping of Sr concentrations coupled with growth laminae optical imaging constrained by in situ monitoring.

Magnesium in subaqueous speleothems as a potential palaeotemperature proxy.

Few palaeoclimate archives beyond the polar regions preserve continuous and datable palaeotemperature proxy time series over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. This hampers efforts to develop a more coherent picture of global patterns of past temperatures. Here we show that Mg concentrations in a subaqueous speleothem from an Italian cave track regional sea-surface temperatures over the last 350,000 years.

Systematic Evaluation of Chemically Distinct Tissue Optical Clearing Techniques in Murine Lymph Nodes.

Activation of adaptive immunity is a complex process coordinated at multiple levels in both time and the three-dimensional context of reactive lymph nodes (LNs). Although microscopy-based visualization of its spatiotemporal dynamics unravels complexities of developing immune response, such approach is highly limited by light-obstructing nature of tissue components. Recently, tissue optical clearing (TOC) techniques were established to bypass this obstacle and now allow to image and quantify the entire murine organs with cellular resolution.

Strong population structure deduced from genetics, otolith chemistry and parasite abundances explains vulnerability to localized fishery collapse in a large Sciaenid fish, .

As pressure on coastal marine resources is increasing globally, the need to quantitatively assess vulnerable fish stocks is crucial in order to avoid the ecological consequences of stock depletions. Species of Sciaenidae (croakers, drums) are important components of tropical and temperate fisheries and are especially vulnerable to exploitation. The black-spotted croaker, , is the only large sciaenid in coastal waters of northern Australia where it is targeted by commercial, recreational and indigenous fishers due to its food value and predictable aggregating behaviour.

Validating the use of embryonic fish otoliths as recorders of sublethal exposure to copper in estuarine sediments.

In this study we explore the use of fish otoliths ('earbones') as a tool for detecting exposure to heavy metals in sediments. Because otoliths are metabolically inert and incorporate chemical impurities during growth, they can potentially provide a more permanent record of pollutant exposure history in aquatic environments than soft tissues. To validate this technique we cultured embryos of a native Australian fish, the common Galaxias (Galaxias maculatus), in the laboratory on sediments spiked with copper in a concentration gradient.

Arsenic in a speleothem from Central China: stadial-interstadial variations and implications.

In a pilot study, arsenic in a stalagmite (SJ3) collected from Central China was measured, and its association with past climate and environment was explored. Most of the SJ3 arsenic concentrations ranged from 120 to 320 ppb with the highest concentrations associated with relatively warm and humid climatic phases and lowest concentrations with cold and dry phases. The SJ3 arsenic record was very similar to the manganese record of SJ3.

Gender and AIDS: time to act.

Gender has long been recognized as being key to understanding and addressing HIV and AIDS. Gender roles and relations that structure and legitimate women's subordination and simultaneously foster models of masculinity that justify and reproduce men's dominance over women exacerbate the spread and impact of the epidemic. Notions of masculinity prevalent in many parts of the world that equate being a man with dominance over women, sexual conquest and risk-taking are associated with less condom use, more sexually transmitted infections, more partners, including more casual partners, more frequent sex, more abuse of alcohol and more transactional sex.