Diterpenes: An Updated Review Concerning Their Structural Diversity, Therapeutic Performance, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications.

The family is a rich source of bioactive terpenoids. Among its genera, is a conspicuous producer of diterpenes and includes approximately 175 species, many of which have medicinal uses. To date, 140 diterpenes from (JTDs) have been reported.

Pentylenetetrazole: A review.

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a tetrazole derivative, is commonly used as a chemical agent to induce neurological disorders and replicate the characteristics of human epileptic seizures in animal models. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the behavioral, neurophysiological, and neurochemical changes induced by PTZ. The epileptogenic and neurotoxic mechanisms of PTZ are associated with an imbalance between the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems.