Tautomer Standardization in Chemical Databases: Deriving Business Rules from Quantum Chemistry.

Databases of small, potentially bioactive molecules are ubiquitous across the industry and academia. Designed such that each unique compound should appear only once, the multiplicity of ways in which many compounds can be represented means that these databases require methods for standardizing the representation of chemistry. This is commonly achieved through the use of "Chemistry Business Rules", sets of predefined rules that describe the "house style" of the database in question.

Information infrastructure for consumer health: a health information exchange stakeholder study.

Background: An enabling infrastructure for population-wide health information capture and transfer is beginning to emerge in the U.S. However, the essential infrastructure component that is still missing is effective health information exchange (HIE).

Economic impact of telemedicine: a survey.

The economic evaluation of telemedicine has faced difficulties, both in terms of the effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses. The main challenges that lie ahead for economic assessment are: (a) technological changes; (b) sustainability of applications; (c) availability of outcomes and other patient data; (d) generalisability of evaluation results. These challenges have lead to an unsatisfactory modeling of cost analysis of teleradiology systems versus non-teleradiology (visiting radiology services) applications.