Identification and expression of MarCE, a marine carboxylesterase with synthetic ester-degrading activity.

Carboxylic ester hydrolases with the capacity to degrade polyesters are currently highly sought after for their potential use in the biological degradation of PET and other chemically synthesized polymers. Here, we describe MarCE, a carboxylesterase family protein identified via genome mining of a Maribacter sp. isolate from the marine sponge Stelligera stuposa.

Enrichment of native plastic-associated biofilm communities to enhance polyester degrading activity.

Plastic pollution is an increasing worldwide problem urgently requiring a solution. While recycling rates are increasing globally, only 9% of all plastic waste has been recycled, and with the cost and limited downstream uses of recycled plastic, an alternative is needed. Here, we found that expanded polystyrene (EPS) promoted high levels of bacterial biofilm formation and sought out environmental EPS waste to characterize these native communities.

Purification and biochemical characterization of SM14est, a PET-hydrolyzing enzyme from the marine sponge-derived sp. SM14.

The successful enzymatic degradation of polyester substrates has fueled worldwide investigation into the treatment of plastic waste using bio-based processes. Within this realm, marine-associated microorganisms have emerged as a promising source of polyester-degrading enzymes. In this work, we describe the hydrolysis of the synthetic polymer PET by SM14est, a polyesterase which was previously identified from sp.

Isolation, identification, and biochemical characterization of a novel bifunctional phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase from the metagenome of the brown alga .

Macroalgae host diverse epiphytic bacterial communities with potential symbiotic roles including important roles influencing morphogenesis and growth of the host, nutrient exchange, and protection of the host from pathogens. Macroalgal cell wall structures, exudates, and intra-cellular environments possess numerous complex and valuable carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemi-cellulose, mannans, alginates, fucoidans, and laminarin. Bacterial colonizers of macroalgae are important carbon cyclers, acquiring nutrition from living macroalgae and also from decaying macroalgae.

An assessment of how the properties of pyrochar and process thermodynamics impact pyrochar mediated microbial chain elongation in steering the production of medium-chain fatty acids towards n-caproate.

Microbial chain elongation fermentation is an alternative technology for medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) production. This paper proposed the addition of pyrochar and graphene in chain elongation to improve MCFA production using ethanol and acetate as substrates. Results showed that the yield of, and selectivity towards, C n-caproate were significantly enhanced with pyrochar addition.

Identification of BgP, a Cutinase-Like Polyesterase From a Deep-Sea Sponge-Derived Actinobacterium.

Many marine bacteria produce extracellular enzymes that degrade complex molecules to facilitate their growth in environmental conditions that are often harsh and low in nutrients. Marine bacteria, including those inhabiting sea sponges, have previously been reported to be a promising source of polyesterase enzymes, which have received recent attention due to their potential ability to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic. During the screening of 51 marine bacterial isolates for hydrolytic activities targeting ester and polyester substrates, a B129SM11 isolate from the deep-sea sponge sp.

Genomic and in silico protein structural analyses provide insights into marine polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. PA2MD11.

Active heterotrophic metabolism is a critical metabolic role performed by sponge-associated microorganisms, but little is known about their capacity to metabolize marine polysaccharides (MPs). Here, we investigated the genome of the sponge-derived Pseudoalteromonas sp. strain PA2MD11 focusing on its macroalgal carbohydrate-degrading potential.

Peeling the Layers Away: The Genomic Characterization of 64-1, an Isolate With Antimicrobial Activity From the Marine Sponge (Porifera, Homoscleromorpha).

64-1, a bacterial strain isolated from the marine sponge , which exhibits antimicrobial activity against both pathogenic and drug-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth genomic analysis of this bioactive sponge-derived strain. The nearly complete genome of strain 64-1 consists of 3.

Not That Close to Mommy: Horizontal Transmission Seeds the Microbiome Associated with the Marine Sponge .

Marine sponges are excellent examples of invertebrate-microbe symbioses. In this holobiont, the partnership has elegantly evolved by either transmitting key microbial associates through the host germline and/or capturing microorganisms from the surrounding seawater. We report here on the prokaryotic microbiota during different developmental stages of and their surrounding environmental samples by a 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach.

Microbial Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolases: Current and Future Perspectives.

Plastic has rapidly transformed our world, with many aspects of human life now relying on a variety of plastic materials. Biological plastic degradation, which employs microorganisms and their degradative enzymes, has emerged as one way to address the unforeseen consequences of the waste streams that have resulted from mass plastic production. The focus of this review is microbial hydrolase enzymes which have been found to act on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic.

Diversity of bacteria populations associated with different thallus regions of the brown alga Laminaria digitata.

Stipitate kelp species such as Laminaria digitata dominate most cold-water subtidal rocky shores and form underwater forests which are among the most productive coastal systems worldwide. Laminaria also sustains rich bacterial communities which offer a variety of biotechnological applications. However, to date, in-depth studies on the diversity and uniqueness of bacterial communities associated with this macroalgal species, their ecological role and their interactions with the alga are under-represented.

Harnessing the sponge microbiome for industrial biocatalysts.

Within the marine sphere, host-associated microbiomes are receiving growing attention as prolific sources of novel biocatalysts. Given the known biocatalytic potential of poriferan microbial inhabitants, this review focuses on enzymes from the sponge microbiome, with special attention on their relevant properties and the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications within various industries. Cultivable bacterial and filamentous fungal isolates account for the majority of the enzymatic sources.

Draft Genome Sequences of Three Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains Isolated from Marine Sponges Harvested off the West Coast of Ireland.

Three sp. strains isolated from marine sponges have shown potential quorum sensing inhibition (QSI) activity. We sequenced the draft genomes of the three strains with the goal of determining which genes or gene cluster(s) could be potentially involved in the QSI activity.

The Effects of the Marine-Derived Polysaccharides Laminarin and Chitosan on Aspects of Colonic Health in Pigs Challenged with Dextran Sodium Sulphate.

This study examined the effects of dietary supplementation with laminarin or chitosan on colonic health in pigs challenged with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). Weaned pigs were assigned to: (1) a basal diet (n = 22); (2) a basal diet + laminarin (n = 10); and (3) a basal diet + chitosan (n = 10). On d35, the basal group was split, creating four groups: (1) the basal diet (control); (2) the basal diet + DSS; (3) the basal diet + laminarin + DSS; and (4) the basal diet + chitosan + DSS.

Metagenomics of Atacama Lithobiontic Extremophile Life Unveils Highlights on Fungal Communities, Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes.

Halites, which are typically found in various Atacama locations, are evaporitic rocks that are considered as micro-scaled salterns. Both structural and functional metagenomic analyses of halite nodules were performed. Structural analyses indicated that the halite microbiota is mainly composed of NaCl-adapted microorganisms.

A Review on Viral Metagenomics in Extreme Environments.

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in the biosphere, and have the ability to infect Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes. The virome is estimated to be at least ten times more abundant than the microbiome with 10 viruses per milliliter and 10 viral particles per gram in marine waters and sediments or soils, respectively. Viruses represent a largely unexplored genetic diversity, having an important role in the genomic plasticity of their hosts.

Screening and Heterologous Expression of a Polyethylene Terephthalate Hydrolase (PETase)-Like Enzyme (SM14est) With Polycaprolactone (PCL)-Degrading Activity, From the Marine Sponge-Derived Strain sp. SM14.

Plastics, such as the polyethylene terephthalate (PET), are widely used for various industrial applications, due to their physicochemical properties which are particularly useful in the packaging industry. However, due to improper plastic waste management and difficulties in recycling, post-consumer plastic waste has become a pressing issue for both the environment and for human health. Hence, novel technologies and methods of processing plastic waste are required to address these issues.

Corrigendum: Comparative Genomics of Marine Sponge-Derived spp. Isolates SM17 and SM18 With Their Closest Terrestrial Relatives Provides Novel Insights Into Environmental Niche Adaptations and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Potential.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.

Genome Mining Coupled with OSMAC-Based Cultivation Reveal Differential Production of Surugamide A by the Marine Sponge Isolate sp. SM17 When Compared to Its Terrestrial Relative J1074.

Much recent interest has arisen in investigating isolates derived from the marine environment in the search for new bioactive compounds, particularly those found in association with marine invertebrates, such as sponges. Among these new compounds recently identified from marine isolates are the octapeptidic surugamides, which have been shown to possess anticancer and antifungal activities. By employing genome mining followed by an one strain many compounds (OSMAC)-based approach, we have identified the previously unreported capability of a marine sponge-derived isolate, namely sp.

Comparative Genomics of Marine Sponge-Derived spp. Isolates SM17 and SM18 With Their Closest Terrestrial Relatives Provides Novel Insights Into Environmental Niche Adaptations and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Potential.

The emergence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms has led to an increased need for the discovery and development of novel antimicrobial compounds. Frequent rediscovery of the same natural products (NPs) continues to decrease the likelihood of the discovery of new compounds from soil bacteria. Thus, efforts have shifted toward investigating microorganisms and their secondary metabolite biosynthesis potential, from diverse niche environments, such as those isolated from marine sponges.

Microalgal Enzymes with Biotechnological Applications.

Enzymes are essential components of biological reactions and play important roles in the scaling and optimization of many industrial processes. Due to the growing commercial demand for new and more efficient enzymes to help further optimize these processes, many studies are now focusing their attention on more renewable and environmentally sustainable sources for the production of these enzymes. Microalgae are very promising from this perspective since they can be cultivated in photobioreactors, allowing the production of high biomass levels in a cost-efficient manner.

Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Monospecific Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Belonging to GH Family 5 From a Rhizosphere Metagenomic Library.

Cellulases have a broad range of different industrial applications, ranging from food and beverages to pulp and paper and the biofuels area. Here a metagenomics based strategy was used to identify the cellulolytic enzyme CelRH5 from the rhizosphere. CelRH5 is a novel monospecific endo-β-1,4-glucanase belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5 (GH5).