Soft-Tissue Chondroma of the Eyelid.

A woman in her early 20s underwent excision of a 6-mm diameter, tender, mobile mass in the temporal left upper eyelid associated with eyelid swelling and blurred vision. Surgery disclosed a large tarsal lesion that appeared to be a cyst but was found to be a soft-tissue chondroma featuring an island of hyaline cartilage surrounded by dense tarsal fibrous connective tissue containing smaller foci of myxoid cartilage. The woman reported that a nodule had been present at this site since childhood.

Dermoid Cyst of Conjunctival Origin Attached to the Tarsus in a Pediatric Patient.

Dermoid cysts of cutaneous origin are common orbital lesions, whereas dermoid cysts of conjunctival origin are rare. The authors present a case of a dermoid cyst of conjunctival origin that was attached to the tarsus in a pediatric patient. A 2-year-old boy presented to the clinic with an approximately 2 cm in diameter mobile nodule in the upper eyelid on the temporal side that distorted the eyelid architecture with temporal ptosis.

keratitis: A rare tropical fungal keratitis in a non-tropical climate.

Purpose: We present the clinical and histopathological findings of a geographically unique fungal keratitis case in North Carolina. . is a rare cause of fungal keratitis, and all but one of the 51 previously reported cases have occurred in patients living in the tropics.

Microglia at Sites of Atrophy Restrict the Progression of Retinal Degeneration via Galectin-3 and Trem2 Interactions.

Degenerative diseases of the outer retina, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are characterized by atrophy of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In these blinding diseases, macrophages are known to accumulate ectopically at sites of atrophy, but their ontogeny and functional specialization within this atrophic niche remain poorly understood, especially in the human context. Here, we uncovered a transcriptionally unique profile of microglia, marked by galectin-3 upregulation, at atrophic sites in mouse models of retinal degeneration and in human AMD.

Eccrine Ductal Carcinoma of the Eyelid.

The authors present the third example of an eccrine ductal carcinoma of the eyelid. A woman in her early 70s presented with a lesion of the central right lower eyelid margin in the vicinity where an actinic keratosis was diagnosed by biopsy 2.75 years previously.

Activated cGAS/STING signaling elicits endothelial cell senescence in early diabetic retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in working-age adults and remains an important public health issue worldwide. Here we demonstrate that the expression of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is increased in patients with DR and animal models of diabetic eye disease. STING has been previously shown to regulate cell senescence and inflammation, key contributors to the development and progression of DR.

Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronal loss in glaucoma.

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer disease and a decreased risk of glaucoma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we found that in two mouse glaucoma models, microglia transitioned to a neurodegenerative phenotype characterized by upregulation of Apoe and Lgals3 (Galectin-3), which were also upregulated in human glaucomatous retinas. Mice with targeted deletion of Apoe in microglia or carrying the human APOE4 allele were protected from retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, despite elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Mönckeberg sclerosis with giant cells as a masquerade of giant cell arteritis.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of vasculitis in adults, which is classified as a large/medium vessel vasculitis. It has a predilection for the ophthalmic circulation and extracranial carotid system. Temporal artery biopsy specimens can show the presence of inflammatory multinucleated giant cells.

Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Rhabdomyosarcoma of the Orbit.

A 3-year-old boy developed proptosis over 3 weeks. CT and MRI disclosed a 3.2 × 1.

Multiple Cranial Neuropathies as the Initial Presentation of Primary Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland.

Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland is a rare, aggressive malignancy that clinically and histologically resembles salivary duct carcinoma. Similar to other malignant epithelial lacrimal gland tumors, ductal adenocarcinoma typically presents with unilateral proptosis, pain, upper eyelid swelling, palpable mass, diplopia, ptosis, and blurred or decreased vision. Rarely, primary malignant epithelial lacrimal gland tumors may first present with multiple cranial neuropathies due to occult spread to the cavernous sinus, as in this case.

A CASE OF HIGH-RISK CILIARY BODY MELANOMA ARISING IN AN EYE AFTER RESECTION OF AN IRIDOCILIARY MELANOCYTOMA.

Purpose: To report a case of a benign iridociliary melanocytoma recurring as malignant melanoma after excision.

Methods: Observational case report with clinical data, slit-lamp examination findings, ultrasound biomicroscopy results, and histopathological and genetic analyses.

Results: A 40-year-old African American woman initially presented with a superonasal iridociliary mass with a maximal thickness of 2.

Subretinal Mononuclear Cells in Coats' Disease Studied with RPE65 and CD163: Evidence for Histiocytoid Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Purpose: To evaluate the mononuclear cells in the subretinal exudate in Coats' disease.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Five enucleated globes and 1 cytology sample from a patient with Coats' disease and 1 case of chronic retinal detachment following repair of an open globe injury were examined immunohistochemically to identify intraretinal and subretinal exudative cells.

Uveal Melanoma Metastatic to the Cavernous Sinus: A Case Report.

A woman in her early 50s previously treated 7 years prior with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy without a biopsy for gene expression profiling for uveal melanoma in the left eye presented with a 3-week history of intermittent diplopia and headache. Ophthalmic examination was significant for limitation in left eye upward gaze; otherwise, examination revealed a stable, regressed tumor in the left eye, and normal vision, pressure, and pupils in both eyes. Neuroimaging showed a left cavernous sinus lesion, suggestive of a meningioma.

Clinical and Morphologic Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Direct Corneal Neurotization.

Purpose: To describe clinical outcomes of a minimally invasive technique for direct corneal neurotization to treat neurotrophic keratopathy.

Methods: All cases of corneal neurotization for neurotrophic keratopathy performed by a single surgeon using minimally invasive direct corneal neurotization were reviewed. The supraorbital donor nerve was directly transferred to the cornea through an upper eyelid crease incision using either a combination of endoscopic and direct visualization or direct visualization alone.

Beneath the Retinal Pigment Epithelium: Histopathologic Findings in Metastatic Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type.

Purpose: To report a case of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), nasal type metastatic to the space beneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with coincident paraneoplastic lymphoma-associated retinopathy.

Methods: Findings of clinical and histopathologic examination are presented with differential diagnoses and a literature review.

Case Report: A 53-year-old man presented with bilateral blindness and had exudative retinal detachments overlying subretinal masses in both eyes.

Reduction in Mortality after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation in Children Over a 20-Year Period (1995-2014).

Infections and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) have historically resulted in high mortality among children undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT). However, recent advances in clinical practice have likely improved outcomes of these patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children (<18years of age) undergoing UCBT at Duke University between January 1, 1995 and December 31, 2014.