Small Molecule Inhibitors of Human Papillomavirus: A Review of Research from 1997 to 2021.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are the cause of warts, lesions and cancer, with different types of HPV causing different symptoms. HPV infections are the primary cause of cervical cancer. There are over 220 different types of HPV, and only nine of these can currently be vaccinated.

Impact of different processing techniques on the key volatile profile, sensory, and consumer acceptance of black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittadini).

Fresh truffles which include black truffle (Tuber melanosporum Vittadini) deteriorate and lose aroma rapidly after harvest; therefore, postharvest processing via freeze-drying or encapsulation is an option to preserve truffle aroma for extended supply. However, the aroma profile that directly affects the truffle quality and consumer acceptance is influenced by processing and producers require processing options that balance processing feasibility with retention of a suitable aroma profile. This study aimed to determine the impact of freeze-drying and encapsulation on the profile of key volatiles, consumer discrimination, and overall sensory impression (aroma intensity, liking, and acceptability) of processed truffle products compared to the starting material (positive control).

Comparative evaluation of encapsulation using β-cyclodextrin versus freeze-drying for better retention and stabilizing of black Périgord truffle (Tuber melanosporum) aroma.

This study aimed to develop a novel technique to retain and stabilize compounds contributing to truffle aroma by encapsulation using β-cyclodextrin. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the key volatile profile and microbial population of products resulting from three different encapsulation methods, namely direct mixing method (M1), direct mixing followed by ethanol addition method (M2), and paste method (M3), were compared with untreated truffles (positive control) over a 90-day period.

Methods used for extraction of plant volatiles have potential to preserve truffle aroma: A review.

Truffles are considered one of the world's most highly prized foods mainly due to their desirable organoleptic properties and rarity. However, truffles are seasonal (harvested mostly in winter from June to August in the Southern Hemisphere and from December to February in the Northern Hemisphere) and extremely perishable. Truffles deteriorate rapidly showing undesirable changes within 10 days from harvest in aroma and visual appearance after harvest.

"Wax On, Wax Off": In Vivo Imaging of Plant Physiology and Disease with Fourier Transform Infrared Reflectance Microspectroscopy.

Analysis of the epicuticular wax layer on the surface of plant leaves can provide a unique window into plant physiology and responses to environmental stimuli. Well-established analytical methodologies can quantify epicuticular wax composition, yet few methods are capable of imaging wax distribution in situ or in vivo. Here, the first report of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflectance spectroscopic imaging as a non-destructive, in situ, method to investigate variation in epicuticular wax distribution at 25 µm spatial resolution is presented.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel arylcarboxamide derivatives as anti-tubercular agents.

Our group has previously reported several indolecarboxamides exhibiting potent antitubercular activity. Herein, we rationally designed several arylcarboxamides based on our previously reported homology model and the recently published crystal structure of the mycobacterial membrane protein large 3 (MmpL3). Many analogues showed considerable anti-TB activity against drug-sensitive (DS) () strain.

Kinase Targets for Mycolic Acid Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Background: Mycolic acids (MAs) are the characteristic, integral building blocks for the mycomembrane belonging to the insidious bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb). These C60-C90 long α-alkyl-β-hydroxylated fatty acids provide protection to the tubercle bacilli against the outside threats, thus allowing its survival, virulence and resistance to the current antibacterial agents.

Electrochemical Behavior and Detection of Sulfated Sucrose at a Liquid|Organogel Microinterface Array.

The electrochemical behavior and detection of sulfated carbohydrates were investigated at an array of microinterfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions where the organic phase was gelled. It was found that the electrochemical signal was dependent on the organic phase electrolyte cation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) of sucrose octasulfate (SOS) with bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene)ammonium BTPPA as the organic phase cation did not provide a response to a 10 μM SOS concentration.

Synthesis and Diels-Alder Reactivity of Substituted [4]Dendralenes.

The first synthesis of all five possible monomethylated [4]dendralenes has been achieved via two distinct synthetic strategies. The Diels-Alder chemistry of these new dendralenes (as multidienes) with an electron poor dienophile, N-methylmaleimide (NMM), has been studied. Thus, simply upon mixing the dendralene and an excess of dienophile at ambient temperature in a common solvent, sequences of cycloadditions result in the rapid generation of complex multicyclic products.

Practical synthesis and reactivity of [3]dendralene.

A convenient and high-yielding three-step synthesis of the simplest branched triene, [3]dendralene, has been devised. The synthesis is robust and operationally simple, requiring no chromatography and involving no protecting groups or specialized equipment, allowing the synthesis of the volatile hydrocarbon in pure, solvent free form on a multigram scale. The stability, dimerization when stored neat, and Diels-Alder reactivity of [3]dendralene--including double cycloaddition sequences and catalytic enantioselective variant--are reported.

Practical synthesis of the dendralene family reveals alternation in behavior.

Back from obscurity: The practical synthesis of the first six members of the fundamental class of acyclic branched oligoalkenes has been achieved. The syntheses allow access to the target compounds on multigram scales in good yields. Members of the family with even numbers of double bonds are significantly more stable than those with odd numbers (see picture), and exhibit different chemical reactivities in Diels-Alder reactions.

Cross-coupling for cross-conjugation: practical synthesis and Diels-Alder reactions of [3]dendralenes.

The parent [3]dendralene and 2-substituted [3]dendralenes are made easily through cross-coupling reactions. Contrary to some earlier reports, [3]dendralene is sufficiently stable to be handled using standard synthetic methods. These compounds allow the one-step stereoselective construction of polycyclic frameworks through reactions with dienophiles.

Practical synthesis and Diels-Alder chemistry of [4]dendralene.

Spectacular new atom efficient domino cycloaddition sequences involving [4]dendralene, the simplest cross-conjugated tetraene, are reported. Up to eight stereocenters, three new rings, and six C-C bonds are generated in one synthetic operation. The site selectivity of dienophile addition to cross-conjugated trienes and tetraenes is controlled with a simple Lewis acid.

Intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions of ester-linked 1,3,8-nonatrienes.

[structures: see text] Penta-1,3-dienyl acrylates undergo kinetically controlled intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reactions and DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) predict stereoselectivities that are in very good agreement with the experimental values. The nature of the diene C1 substituent has virtually no influence upon reactivity or trans/cis-stereoselectivity whereas terminal C9 dienophile substituents have a substantial effect on both the reactivity and stereoselectivity of these IMDA reactions. The TSs highlight contributions from strain in the developing tether-containing ring, and steric and electronic effects between tether and dienophile substituents, thus providing insight into the origins of IMDA reactivity and stereoselectivity.

The synthesis of some azuleno[c]furans.

Azuleno[5,6-c]furan and 4-chloroazuleno[4,5-c]furan have been prepared by a tandem cycloaddition-cycloreversion strategy. These azulenofurans are qualitatively more stable than isobenzofuran and were characterised spectroscopically and as their Diels-Alder adducts with N-methylmaleimide.