Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target and the Role of Antibodies in Protection from Disease.

is well recognized as a serious cause of infection in healthcare-associated settings and immunocompromised individuals; however, accumulating evidence from resource-limited nations documents an alarming rise in community-acquired . infections, manifesting as bacteremia and pneumonia as well as neonatal sepsis. The emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant .

Hybrid, transarticular external fixation with platelet-rich plasma injection as a treatment for partial calcaneal tendon disruption in dogs without primary tenorrhaphy.

Objective: To report the use of a hybrid, transarticular external skeletal fixator and platelet-rich plasma injection without primary tenorrhaphy for management of partial calcanean tendon disruption in dogs.

Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective study.

Animals: A total of 11 client-owned dogs.

Individual variation in the emergence of anterior-to-posterior neural fates from human pluripotent stem cells.

Variability between human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines remains a challenge and opportunity in biomedicine. In this study, hPSC lines from multiple donors were differentiated toward neuroectoderm and mesendoderm lineages. We revealed dynamic transcriptomic patterns that delineate the emergence of these lineages, which were conserved across lines, along with individual line-specific transcriptional signatures that were invariant throughout differentiation.

Photobiomodulation therapy using a class 3b laser does not cause premature rupture of multivesicular liposomal bupivacaine suspensions in a cadaver model.

Objective: To determine if photobiomodulation causes a premature release of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) suspensions.

Animals: A 25-kg mixed breed dog cadaver euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study.

Methods: In September 2022, a proximomedial tibial incision was made in a dog cadaver, and a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy plate was implanted.

Antisera against flagellin A or B inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa motility as measured by novel video microscopy assay.

Flagellum-mediated motility is essential to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) virulence. Antibody against flagellin reduces motility and inhibits the spread of the bacteria from the infection site.

Antibody responses in bloodstream infection: a cohort study.

Background: (Kpn) is the fourth leading cause of infection-related deaths globally, yet little is known about human antibody responses to invasive Kpn. In this study, we sought to determine whether the O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) antigen, a vaccine candidate, is immunogenic in humans with Kpn bloodstream infection (BSI). We also sought to define the cross-reactivity of human antibody responses among structurally related Kpn OPS subtypes and to assess the impact of capsule production on OPS-targeted antibody binding and function.

Vaccine value profile for Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Klebsiella pneumoniae causes community- and healthcare-associated infections in children and adults. Globally in 2019, an estimated 1.27 million (95% Uncertainty Interval [UI]: 0.

The O-glycan is essential for the induction of protective antibodies against lethal infection by flagella A-bearing .

To address the problem of increased antimicrobial resistance, we developed a glycoconjugate vaccine comprised of O-polysaccharides (OPS) of the four most prevalent serotypes of (KP) linked to recombinant flagellin types A and B (rFlaA and rFlaB) of (PA). Flagellin is the major subunit of the flagellar filament. Flagella A and B, essential virulence factors for PA, are glycosylated with different glycans.

A combination of burn wound injury and infection elicits unique gene expression that enhances bacterial pathogenicity.

The interaction between an underlying disease process and a specific pathogen may lead to the unique expression of genes that affect bacterial pathogenesis. These genes may not be observed during infection in the absence of, or with a different underlying process or infection during the underlying process with a different pathogen. To test this hypothesis, we used Nanostring technology to compare gene transcription in a murine-burned wound infected with .

Effect of screw insertion angle and speed on the incidence of transcortical fracture development in a canine tibial diaphyseal model.

Objective: To assess the incidence of transcortical fracture (TCF) development based on screw insertion angle and screw insertion speed.

Study Design: Cadaveric experimental study.

Sample Population: Sixty-six canine tibiae.

The effect of two platelet-rich plasma aspiration techniques on plasma cellular concentrations using a double syringe gravitational centrifugation system.

Objective: To identify which aspiration technique increased plasma platelet concentration and which technique minimized plasma leukocyte and erythrocyte concentrations using a gravitational double-syringe platelet rich plasma (PRP) system.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Animals: Thirty adult dogs.

Hit 'em Where It Hurts: Gram-Negative Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Vaccine Target.

Infections with antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria pose an increasing threat to the ability to perform surgical procedures, organ transplantation, and treat cancer among many other medical conditions. There are few new antimicrobials in the development pipeline. Vaccines against AMR Gram-negative bacteria may reduce the use of antimicrobials and prevent bacterial transmission.

Extracellular RNA Sensing Mediates Inflammation and Organ Injury in a Murine Model of Polytrauma.

Severe traumatic injury leads to marked systemic inflammation and multiorgan injury. Endogenous drivers such as extracellular nucleic acid may play a role in mediating innate immune response and the downstream pathogenesis. Here, we explored the role of plasma extracellular RNA (exRNA) and its sensing mechanism in inflammation and organ injury in a murine model of polytrauma.

Galectin-1 mediates interactions between polymorphonuclear leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, and promotes their extravasation during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

The lung airway epithelial surface is heavily covered with sialic acids as the terminal carbohydrate on most cell surface glycoconjugates and can be removed by microbial neuraminidases or endogenous sialidases. By desialylating the lung epithelial surface, neuraminidase acts as an important virulence factor in many mucosal pathogens, such as influenza and S. pneumoniae.

Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model.

Background: Nondrug supplement strategies to improve gut health have largely focused on the effects of individual compounds to improve one aspect of gut homeostasis. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the reproducible effects of oral, short-term, low-level colostrum supplementation on gut inflammation status that are specific to the ileum. Herein, a chicken animal model highly responsive to even mild gut inflammatory stimuli was employed to compare the outcomes of feeding a standard diet (CON) to those of CON supplemented with a centrifuge-defatted bovine colostrum (BC) or a nonfat dried milk (NFDM) control on the efficiency of nutrient use, ileal morphology, gut nitro-oxidative inflammation status, metabolites, and the composition of the microbiota.

The effect of grip location on Kirschner wire bend characteristics: An in vitro study.

Objective: To determine the effect of Kirschner wire (K-wire) grip location on bend angle, bend radius, and torque when performing a Z-bend technique.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Sample Population: Ten samples at each of five grip locations for each of three K-wire diameters.

Altered sialidase expression in human myeloid cells undergoing apoptosis and differentiation.

To gain insight into sialic acid biology and sialidase/neuraminidase (NEU) expression in mature human neutrophil (PMN)s, we studied NEU activity and expression in PMNs and the HL60 promyelocytic leukemic cell line, and changes that might occur in PMNs undergoing apoptosis and HL60 cells during their differentiation into PMN-like cells. Mature human PMNs contained NEU activity and expressed NEU2, but not NEU1, the NEU1 chaperone, protective protein/cathepsin A(PPCA), NEU3, and NEU4 proteins. In proapoptotic PMNs, NEU2 protein expression increased > 30.

Genome sequencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M2 illuminates traits of an opportunistic pathogen of burn wounds.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen and one of the most prevalent organisms isolated from burn wounds worldwide. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain M2 (O5 serotype, type B flagella) is utilized for examining the murine model associated with burns. Pseudomonas aeruginosa M2 is similar in lethality to common laboratory P.

Corrigendum: Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.

Outcomes Associated With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Dogs.

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively characterize outcomes and complications associated with osteochondral allograft transplantation for treating chondral and osteochondral lesions in a group of client-owned dogs with naturally-occurring disease. Records were reviewed for information on signalment, treated joint, underlying pathology (e.g.

Distribution of serotypes and antibiotic resistance of invasive Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a multi-country collection.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections and is frequently associated with healthcare-associated infections. Because of its ability to rapidly acquire resistance to antibiotics, P. aeruginosa infections are difficult to treat.

MUC1 ectodomain is a flagellin-targeting decoy receptor and biomarker operative during Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

We previously reported that flagellin-expressing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) provokes NEU1 sialidase-mediated MUC1 ectodomain (MUC1-ED) desialylation and MUC1-ED shedding from murine lungs in vivo. Here, we asked whether Pa in the lungs of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia might also increase MUC1-ED shedding. The levels of MUC1-ED and Pa-expressed flagellin were dramatically elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) harvested from Pa-infected patients, and each flagellin level, in turn, predicted MUC1-ED shedding in the same patient.

A Nonlethal Full-Thickness Flame Burn Produces a Seroma Beneath the Forming Eschar, Thereby Promoting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sepsis in Mice.

The World Health Organization estimates ~180,000 deaths occur annually from burn-related injuries. Many victims who survive the initial burn trauma succumb to bacterial infections that lead to sepsis during treatment. Although advancements in burn care continue to improve in high-income countries due to their burn centers and advanced research, low and middle-income countries continue to see high frequencies of burn injuries and burn-related deaths due to secondary infections.

Effect of mGluR2 positive allosteric modulation on frontostriatal working memory activation in schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits contribute strongly to disability in schizophrenia, and are resistant to existing medications. Recent drug development has targeted enhanced NMDA function by increasing mGluR2/3 signaling. However, the clinical utility of such agents remains uncertain, and markers of brain circuit function are critical for clarifying mechanisms and understanding individual differences in efficacy.

Evaluation of the clinical value of routine radiographic examination during convalescence for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy.

Objective: To determine how frequently routine follow-up radiographic findings would result in a change to the postoperative plan following tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO) in dogs.

Study Design: Retrospective study SAMPLE POPULATION: Short-term group: 100 cases; intermediate-term group: 50 cases.

Methods: Medical records of 100 consecutive cases meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed (the short-term group).