Photosynthetic demands on translational machinery drive retention of redundant tRNA metabolism in plant organelles.

Eukaryotic nuclear genomes often encode distinct sets of translation machinery for function in the cytosol vs. organelles (mitochondria and plastids). This raises questions about why multiple translation systems are maintained even though they are capable of comparable functions and whether they evolve differently depending on the compartment where they operate.

Prevalence of pain in a sample of long-term survivors of head and neck cancer.

Purpose: The experience of long-term pain in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors is important but has received less attention in the HNC literature. The present study sought to examine the prevalence of pain from 2 to 5 years postdiagnosis and its association with HNC-specific health-related quality of life.

Materials & Methods: Prospective observational study at a single-institution tertiary care center.

Prevalence and persistence of depressive symptoms during the first year postdiagnosis in a large sample of patients with head and neck cancer.

Purpose: The experience of persistent depressive symptomatology during the first year postdiagnosis has implications for recovery and adjustment by one year postdiagnosis. The present descriptive study sought to examine the prevalence and persistence of mild to moderate-severe depressive symptomology and associated disease-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with HNC.

Materials & Methods: This study was a prospective observational study at a single-institution tertiary cancer center.

Evaluating the Psychometric Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Assessing Symptoms in Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review Using COSMIN Guidelines.

Context: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may have an important role in screening and monitoring for unpleasant symptoms in kidney failure. However, there is still little evidence on the psychometric properties of the measures available to assess physical and psychological symptoms in people on hemodialysis. This gap makes it difficult to decide which measure is the most appropriate for use in clinical practice and research with this population.

Rewiring of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Localization and Interactions in Plants With Extensive Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Loss.

The number of tRNAs encoded in plant mitochondrial genomes varies considerably. Ongoing loss of bacterial-like mitochondrial tRNA genes in many lineages necessitates the import of nuclear-encoded counterparts that share little sequence similarity. Because tRNAs are involved in highly specific molecular interactions, this replacement process raises questions about the identity and trafficking of enzymes necessary for the maturation and function of newly imported tRNAs.

Examination of Predictors of Pain at 12 Months Postdiagnosis in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors.

Objective: Pain following the completion of treatment is important but has received less attention in the head and neck cancer (HNC) literature. The present study sought to examine the prevalence and predictors of pain measured 12 months postdiagnosis and its impact on HNC-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in 1038 HNC survivors.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Designing family-based interventions in kidney failure: The perspectives of the triad 'patients on haemodialysis/family caregivers/healthcare professionals.

Objectives: This study explored the perspectives of people undergoing in-centre haemodialysis, family caregivers, and healthcare professionals about the development and implementation of family-based interventions in renal care settings.

Design: A qualitative exploratory study was carried out combining purposive and snowball sampling techniques.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were submitted to thematic analysis.

Establishing the criterion validity of self-report measures of adherence in hemodialysis through associations with clinical biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Accurate measurement of adherence is crucial to rigorously evaluate interventions aimed at improving this outcome in patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis. Previous research has shown great variability in non-adherence rates between studies, mainly due to the use of different direct (e.g.

Social networks in the single cell.

This article comments on: Chustecki JM, Etherington RD, Gibbs DJ, Johnston IG. 2022. Altered collective mitochondrial dynamics in the Arabidopsis msh1 mutant compromising organelle DNA maintenance.

Disparities in dialysis modality decision-making using a social-ecological lens: a qualitative approach.

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may choose to undergo dialysis in-center or at home, but uptake of home dialysis in the US has been minimal despite its benefits over in-center dialysis. Factors that may have led patients to select home dialysis over in-center dialysis are poorly understood in the literature, and interventions to improve selection of home dialysis have focused on patient knowledge and shared decision-making processes between patients and providers. The purpose of this study was to explore micro- and macro-level factors surrounding dialysis modality decision-making among patients undergoing in-center and home dialysis, and explore what leads patients to select home dialysis over in-center dialysis.

Problem alcohol and tobacco use in head and neck cancer patients at diagnosis: associations with health-related quality of life.

Purpose: Problem alcohol and tobacco use in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) frequently co-occur and each are associated with poor outcomes including health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to identify the prevalence of these co-occurring behaviors and associations with HNC-specific HRQOL within the first year of diagnosis in a large sample of patients with HNC.

Methods: Cross-sectional study examined prevalence of co-occurring problem alcohol and tobacco use at diagnosis in a large sample of patients with HNC (N = 1327).

Examination of risk factors for discontinuation of follow-up care in patients with head and neck cancer.

Background: Little research has examined discontinuation of follow-up care in patients with head and neck cancer. This exploratory study sought to examine key demographic, disease, and behavioral factors as possible correlates of discontinuation (N = 512).

Methods: Cross-sectional study examined correlates of discontinuation of follow-up care within 1 year.

Mapping Patients' Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to In-Center Hemodialysis Attendance to the Health Belief Model: Insights from a Qualitative Study.

Background: Previous research has shown that deliberate withdrawal, skipping, and/or shortening hemodialysis sessions has become a major health problem associated with poor clinical outcomes and early mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, patients' experiences with this treatment remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to explore patients' perceived facilitators and barriers to in-center hemodialysis attendance and map these findings to the Health Belief Model.

Caring for parents with end-stage renal disease: What do adult children face and how do they cope?

Aim: This study aimed to explore the stressors and coping strategies of adult children who care for their parents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing in-centre haemodialysis.

Background: Given the growing number of older patients with ESRD, adult children are increasingly providing more care and assistance to their parents with this condition. However, little is still known about the experiences of caring for a parent undergoing haemodialysis.

A dedicated flavin-dependent monooxygenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of demethoxyubiquinone into ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) in Arabidopsis.

Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) is a vital respiratory cofactor and liposoluble antioxidant. In plants, it is not known how the C-6 hydroxylation of demethoxyubiquinone, the penultimate step in ubiquinone biosynthesis, is catalyzed. The combination of cross-species gene network modeling along with mining of embryo-defective mutant databases of Arabidopsis thaliana identified the embryo lethal locus EMB2421 (At1g24340) as a top candidate for the missing plant demethoxyubiquinone hydroxylase.

A cluster randomized trial to evaluate a centralized remote clinical pharmacy service in large, health system primary care clinics.

Background: We developed a remote cardiovascular risk service (CVRS) managed by clinical pharmacists to support primary care teams. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the CVRS could improve guideline adherence in primary care clinics with diverse geographic and patient characteristics.

Methods: This study was a cluster-randomized trial initiated in 20 primary care clinics across the US.

Association of depressive symptomatology with problem alcohol use in rural head and neck cancer patients at diagnosis.

Purpose: Problem alcohol use is a risk factor for the development of head and neck cancer (HNC) and continued use is associated with poor outcomes; depressive symptoms may be associated with this behavior.

Design: Exploratory cross-sectional study examined depressive symptoms as a correlate of self-reported problem alcohol use at diagnosis.

Sample/methods: Multivariable linear regression examined depressive symptoms as a correlate of problem alcohol use in a sample of rural HNC patients ( = 249).

Health-related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors: Evaluating the rural disadvantage.

Purpose: Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors often experience distress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impairment. Research suggests that rural cancer patients may have poorer outcomes than urban patients. This study examined whether HNC patient emotional and HRQOL outcomes differ in those living in a rural versus urban location at 6 and 12 months postdiagnosis.

Plant Mitochondria are a Riddle Wrapped in a Mystery Inside an Enigma.

A fundamental paradox motivates the study of plant mitochondrial genomics: the mutation rate is very low (lower than in the nucleus) but the rearrangement rate is high. A landmark paper published in Journal of Molecular Evolution in 1988 established these facts and revealed the paradox. Jeffrey Palmer and Laura Herbon did a prodigious amount of work in the pre-genome sequencing era to identify both the high frequency of rearrangements between closely related species, and the low frequency of mutations, observations that have now been confirmed many times by sequencing.

Problem alcohol use among rural head and neck cancer patients at diagnosis: Associations with health-related quality of life.

Objective: Problem alcohol use in persons with head and neck cancer (HNC) is associated with poor outcomes, including survival. Some evidence suggests that individuals living in rural areas may be at greater risk of problem alcohol use. The present exploratory cross-sectional study sought to examine problem alcohol use at diagnosis in a sample of HNC patients by rural versus urban status.

Association of patient preferences on medication discussion in hypertension: Results from a randomized clinical trial.

Patient-centered care has received significant attention and is an integral component of high-quality healthcare. While it is often assumed that most prefer a patient-centered role orientation, such preferences exist along a continuum with some patients preferring a more provider-centered role. The present study examines patient preference data from a randomized clinical trial designed to test the efficacy of a patient activation intervention to promote thiazide prescribing for veteran patients with uncontrolled hypertension.

Head and neck cancer survivorship from the patient perspective.

Background: Survivorship is a critical part of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. In order to design better processes, we assessed care provided to long-term HNC survivors and their priorities for ongoing care.

Methods: A survey was provided to HNC survivors at clinic appointments, including our HNC survivorship clinic.

Mitochondrial DNA Repair in an Uracil N-Glycosylase Mutant.

Substitution rates in plant mitochondrial genes are extremely low, indicating strong selective pressure as well as efficient repair. Plant mitochondria possess base excision repair pathways; however, many repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair and mismatch repair appear to be absent. In the absence of these pathways, many DNA lesions must be repaired by a different mechanism.

The alternative reality of plant mitochondrial DNA: One ring does not rule them all.

Plant mitochondrial genomes are usually assembled and displayed as circular maps based on the widely-held view across the broad community of life scientists that circular genome-sized molecules are the primary form of plant mitochondrial DNA, despite the understanding by plant mitochondrial researchers that this is an inaccurate and outdated concept. Many plant mitochondrial genomes have one or more pairs of large repeats that can act as sites for inter- or intramolecular recombination, leading to multiple alternative arrangements (isoforms). Most mitochondrial genomes have been assembled using methods unable to capture the complete spectrum of isoforms within a species, leading to an incomplete inference of their structure and recombinational activity.