Treatment of Refractory Mucosal Leishmaniasis Is Associated with Parasite Overexpression of HSP70 and ATPase and Reduced Host Hydrogen Peroxide Production (Brief Report).

Background: Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is a deforming type of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis caused by () that frequently does not respond to treatment. Despite its relapsing clinical course, few parasites are usually found in mucosal lesions. Host and parasite factors may be responsible for this paradox in the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing for both a low parasite burden and the inability of the host to clear and eliminate the disease.

Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the phytoene desaturase gene in Coffea canephora.

Coffea canephora (2n = 2x = 22 chromosomes) is a species with extensive genetic diversity and desirable agronomic traits for coffee breeding programs. However, obtaining a new coffee cultivar through conventional breeding techniques may require more than 30 years of crossing cycles and selection, which hampers the effort of keeping up with market demands and rapidly proposing more resilient to climate change varieties. Although, the application of modern biotechnology tools such as precision genetic engineering technologies may enable a faster cultivar development process.

A first look at the N- and O-glycosylation landscape in anuran skin secretions.

Amphibians secrete a complex array of molecules that shape their interactions with coinhabiting microorganisms and macroscopic predators. Glycans are a rapidly evolving and complex class of biomolecules implicated in intrinsic and extrinsic recognition events. Despite the numerous studies aiming at the biochemical characterization of anuran skin secretions, little is known about protein-linked oligosaccharides, their synthesis pathways, and their homing secreted glycoproteins.

Photochemical efficiency correlated with candidate gene expression promote coffee drought tolerance.

The aim of this study was to identify the correlation between photochemical efficiency and candidate genes expression to elucidate the drought tolerance mechanisms in coffee progenies (Icatu Vermelho IAC 3851-2 × Catimor UFV 1602-215) previously identified as tolerant in field conditions. Four progenies (2, 5, 12 and 15) were evaluated under water-deficit conditions (water deficit imposed 8 months after transplanting seedlings to the pots) and under irrigated system. Evaluations of physiological parameters and expression of candidate genes for drought tolerance were performed.

Genetic diversity of native and cultivated Ugandan Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner): Climate influences, breeding potential and diversity conservation.

Wild genetic resources and their ability to adapt to environmental change are critically important in light of the projected climate change, while constituting the foundation of agricultural sustainability. To address the expected negative effects of climate change on Robusta coffee trees (Coffea canephora), collecting missions were conducted to explore its current native distribution in Uganda over a broad climatic range. Wild material from seven forests could thus be collected.

Differential fine-tuning of gene expression regulation in coffee leaves by CcDREB1D promoter haplotypes under water deficit.

Despite the importance of the DREB1D gene (also known as CBF4) in plant responses to water deficit and cold stress, studies analysing its regulation by transgenic approaches are lacking. In the current work, a functional study of three CcDREB1D promoter haplotypes (named HP15, HP16 and HP17) isolated from drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive clones of Coffea canephora was carried out in plants of C. arabica stably transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens by analysing their ability to regulate the expression of the uidA reporter gene in response to water deficit mimicked by polyethylene glycol (-2.

Identification of candidate genes for drought tolerance in coffee by high-throughput sequencing in the shoot apex of different Coffea arabica cultivars.

Background: Drought is a widespread limiting factor in coffee plants. It affects plant development, fruit production, bean development and consequently beverage quality. Genetic diversity for drought tolerance exists within the coffee genus.

Skin secretion peptides: the molecular facet of the deimatic behavior of the four-eyed frog, Physalaemus nattereri (Anura, Leptodactylidae).

Rationale: Amphibians can produce a large amount of bioactive peptides over the skin. In order to map the precise tissue localization of these compounds and evaluate their functions, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and gene expression studies were used to investigate a possible correlation between molecules involved in the antimicrobial defense mechanisms and anti-predatory behavior by Physalaemus nattereri.

Methods: Total skin secretion of P.

Induced over-expression of AtDREB2A CA improves drought tolerance in sugarcane.

Drought is one of the most challenging agricultural issues limiting sustainable sugarcane production and, in some cases, yield losses caused by drought are nearly 50%. DREB proteins play vital regulatory roles in abiotic stress responses in plants. The transcription factor DREB2A interacts with a cis-acting DRE sequence to activate the expression of downstream genes that are involved in drought-, salt- and heat-stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.

A high-throughput data mining of single nucleotide polymorphisms in Coffea species expressed sequence tags suggests differential homeologous gene expression in the allotetraploid Coffea arabica.

Polyploidization constitutes a common mode of evolution in flowering plants. This event provides the raw material for the divergence of function in homeologous genes, leading to phenotypic novelty that can contribute to the success of polyploids in nature or their selection for use in agriculture. Mounting evidence underlined the existence of homeologous expression biases in polyploid genomes; however, strategies to analyze such transcriptome regulation remained scarce.