Fluctuating Genetic Influences at Three Different Stages of Development of Dental Arches: A Complex System.

: The development of dental arches is a complex adaptive system with interactions between genetic and environmental factors. At different developmental stages, the relative contribution of these factors varies. The aims of this project were to identify the longitudinal changes of dental arches in the primary, mixed and permanent dentition stages, using curve fitting methods on serial dental casts, and to investigate the contribution of the genotype to dental arch development.

Genetic and environmental contributions to the development of soft tissue facial profile: a twin study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the phenotypic variation of the soft tissue facial profile during the mixed dentition and the permanent dentition stages.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, standardized facial profile photographs of 139 twin pairs (55 monozygotic and 84 dizygotic) were obtained from archival records at the Adelaide Dental School. Photographic analysis used 12 angular and 14 linear facial profile measurements from the mixed dentition (7-11 years) to the permanent dentition (12-17 years) stages.

Mirror, mirror? An evaluation of identical twin mirroring in tooth crown morphology.

It has been estimated that 25% of monozygotic ("identical") twin pairs exhibit reverse asymmetry (RA) or "mirroring" of minor anatomical features as a result of delayed zygote division. Here, we examine whether identical twin mirroring accounts for patterns of dental asymmetry in a sample of monozygotic and dizygotic ("fraternal") twins. We focus on crown morphology to approach the following question: is there an association between dental RA frequency and twin type suggestive of the presence of mirror image twins in our sample? Data were collected from 208 deciduous and 196 permanent dentitions of participants of the University of Adelaide Twin Study using Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System standards.

Late Complications in Long-Term Childhood Cancer Survivors: What the Oral Health Professional Needs to Know.

With diagnostic and therapeutic advances, over 80% of children diagnosed with cancer become long-term survivors. As the number of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) continues to increase, dental practitioners become more likely to have CCS among their patients. CCS may develop late complications from damage caused by their cancer treatment to endocrine, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and other organ systems.

Heritability of dental arches and occlusal characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: The genetic basis of dentoalveolar characteristics has been investigated by several studies, however, the findings are equivocal. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the heritability of dental arches and occlusal parameters in different stages of human dentition.

Search Methods: Electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Dentistry and Oral Science Source were searched up to August 2023 without the restriction of language or publication date.

The Oral Health of a Group of 19th Century South Australian Settlers in Relation to Their General Health and Compared with That of Contemporaneous Samples.

The aims of this study are to determine the oral health status of a rare sample of 19th-century migrant settlers to South Australia, how oral conditions may have influenced their general health, and how the oral health of this group compares with contemporaneous samples in Australia, New Zealand, and Britain. Dentitions of 18 adults and 22 subadults were investigated using non-destructive methods (micro-CT, macroscopic, radiographic). Extensive carious lesions were identified in seventeen adults and four subadults, and from this group one subadult and sixteen adults had antemortem tooth loss.

Association of , and Polymorphism in with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population.

Objective: Chronic periodontal disease (CP) is a multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease that occurs due to the challenge between the immune response of the host and specific periodontal bacteria, and that can lead to tooth loss due to damage inflicted to the supporting tissue. The current study investigates the genotypes of the and genes, along with the allelic frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP; rs1695] in the GSTP1 gene and correlates them individually or in various combinations with the incidence of CP.

Methods: A total of 203 clinically confirmed CP patients and 201 control subjects were enrolled from Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts in Pakistan from April to July 2022.

Genetic and Morphological Variation in Hypodontia of Maxillary Lateral Incisors.

(1) Background: Hypodontia has a multifactorial aetiology, in which genetic factors are a major component. Associated with this congenital absence, the formed teeth may show differences in size and shape, which may vary with the specific genetic variants and with the location of the missing teeth. The aims of the present study were to investigate a specific variant of , derive morphometric tooth measurements in a sample of patients with isolated maxillary lateral incisor agenesis and matched controls, and model the findings.

Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Influence the Phenotype of Tooth Number, Size and Shape: Anterior Maxillary Supernumeraries and the Morphology of Mandibular Incisors.

The aim of this study is to investigate whether the genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that give rise to supernumeraries in the maxillary incisor region and larger dimensions of the adjacent maxillary incisors are also associated with variations in the morphology of the mandibular incisors. If so, this would contribute to understanding the distribution and interactions of factors during dental development and how these can be modelled. The sample consisted of 34 patients with supernumerary teeth in the maxillary anterior region, matched for gender, age and White Caucasian ethnicity with 34 control subjects.

Tooth Formation as Experimental Model to Study Chemotherapy on Tissue Development: Effect of a Specific Dose of Temozolomide/Veliparib.

Background: Chemotherapy treatment of cancer in children can influence formation of normal tissues, leading to irreversible changes in their structure and function. Tooth formation is susceptible to several types of chemotherapy that induce irreversible changes in the structure of enamel, dentin and dental root morphology. These changes can make the teeth more prone to fracture or to caries when they have erupted.

Genetic Correlation, Pleiotropy, and Molar Morphology in a Longitudinal Sample of Australian Twins and Families.

This study aims to expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of crown morphology in the human diphyodont dentition. Here, we present bivariate genetic correlation estimates for deciduous and permanent molar traits and evaluate the patterns of pleiotropy within (e.g.

Was it worth migrating to the new British industrial colony of South Australia? Evidence from skeletal pathologies and historic records of a sample of 19th-century settlers.

Objectives: To examine pathological evidence present in a sample of 19th -century settlers to South Australia in the context of an early industrial society.

Materials: Skeletal remains of 20 adults and 45 nonadults from the government funded burial site (free ground) of St Mary's Anglican Church Cemetery, gravestones of privately funded burials and local parish records.

Methods: Investigation of pathological manifestations of skeletal remains, church records and historic literature.

Health effects of European colonization: An investigation of skeletal remains from 19th to early 20th century migrant settlers in South Australia.

The British colony of South Australia, established in 1836, offered a fresh start to migrants hoping for a better life. A cohort of settlers buried in a section of St Mary's Anglican Church Cemetery (1847-1927) allocated for government funded burials was investigated to determine their health, with a focus on skeletal manifestations associated with metabolic deficiencies. Findings of St Mary's sample were compared with those published for contemporary skeletal samples from two British cemeteries, St Martin's, Birmingham, and St Peter's, Wolverhampton, to explore similarities and differences.

Evaluating the effectiveness of countywide mask mandates at reducing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the United States.

Context: With the rise of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 and the low vaccination rates in the United States, mitigation strategies to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 are essential for protecting the health of the general public and reducing strain on healthcare facilities. This study compares US counties with and without mask mandates and determines if the mandates are associated with reduced daily COVID-19 infection. US counties have debated whether masks effectively decrease COVID-19 cases, and political pressures have prevented some counties from passing mask mandates.

The genetic architecture of anterior tooth morphology in a longitudinal sample of Australian twins and families.

Objective: This study presents a quantitative genetic analysis of human anterior dental morphology in a longitudinal sample of known genealogy. The primary aim of this work is to generate a suite of genetic correlations within and between deciduous and permanent characters to access patterns of integration across the diphyodont dental complex.

Design: Data were recorded from casted tooth crowns representing participants of a long-term Australian twin and family study (deciduous n = 290, permanent n = 339).

Patterns of heritability across the human diphyodont dental complex: Crown morphology of Australian twins and families.

Objectives: This study generates a series of narrow-sense heritability estimates for crown morphology of the deciduous and permanent dentition with two overarching aims. The first is to test the hypothesis that deciduous teeth provide a more faithful reflection of genetic information than their permanent successors. The second is to use quantitative genetic methods to evaluate assumptions underlying common data collection and analysis practices in biodistance research.

Compensatory interactions between developing maxillary anterior teeth in a sample of twins.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to revisit the topic of compensatory interactions between maxillary anterior teeth during development advanced by Sofaer et al. (1971). We addressed the hypotheses listed by Sofaer and colleagues using data derived from our Australian twin sample to investigate whether final tooth size in permanent maxillary central incisors and canines showed evidence of developmental compensation for adjacent missing or microdont lateral incisors.

Using Complexity and Network Concepts to Inform Healthcare Knowledge Translation.

Many representations of the movement of healthcare knowledge through society exist, and multiple models for the translation of evidence into policy and practice have been articulated. Most are linear or cyclical and very few come close to reflecting the dense and intricate relationships, systems and politics of organizations and the processes required to enact sustainable improvements. We illustrate how using complexity and network concepts can better inform knowledge translation (KT) and argue that changing the way we think and talk about KT could enhance the creation and movement of knowledge throughout those systems needing to develop and utilise it.

Three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analysis of human premolars to assess sexual dimorphism and biological ancestry in Australian populations.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate size and shape variation of human premolars between Indigenous Australians and Australians of European ancestry, and to assess whether sex and ancestry could be differentiated between these groups using 3D geometric morphometrics.

Materials And Methods: Seventy dental casts from each group, equally subdivided by sex, were scanned using a structured-light scanner. The 3D meshes of upper and lower premolars were processed using geometric morphometric methods.

Radiation Dose and Procedure Time for 994 CT-guided Spine Pain Control Procedures.

Background: Image guidance for spine pain control procedures, including epidural steroid injection, nerve root block, and facet block, can be performed with either computed tomography (CT) or conventional fluoroscopy. CT has the advantage of improved anatomic localization and use of air for contrast; however, there are concerns that CT leads to higher radiation dose and longer procedure time.

Objective: To evaluate procedure time and radiation dose for multiple types of spine pain control procedures performed under CT guidance.

The Safety of CT-Guided Epidural Steroid Injections in an Older Patient Cohort.

Background: Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are a common method for treating lower back pain, which is one of the most prevalent health-related complaints in the adult US population. Although the safety of CT-guided ESIs has been extensively studied in adults, there is limited data concerning the procedure's safety profile in an older patient population.

Objective: This retrospective study analyzed safety data among a single-center cohort of patients > 65 years-old who received one or more CT-guided interlaminar ESIs from 2012 to 2015.

Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori by carbon-13 urea breath test using a portable mass spectrometer.

Context: In the non-invasive detection of markers of disease, mass spectrometry is able to detect small quantities of volatile markers in exhaled air. However, the problem of size, expense and immobility of conventional mass spectrometry equipment has restricted its use. Now, a smaller, less expensive, portable quadrupole mass spectrometer system has been developed.