Yolk sac tumor of the seminal vesicles: A rare malignant cause of hematospermia.

Extra-gonadal yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare and generally associated with poor outcomes. Involvement of the seminal vesicles is extremely rare with only one previously described case. We report a case of a primary YST of the seminal vesicles and discuss the management strategy.

Do prostate cancer nomograms give accurate information when applied to European patients?

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate and compare the performance of preoperative risk assessment tools in a population of men treated with radical prostatectomy at a single European institution.

Material And Methods: Patients were identified from databases of radical prostatectomy between 1996 and 2011 from a single UK centre. Information was obtained on demographics, prostate-specific antigen, staging, biopsy and specimen histopathology, and follow-up.

Surgical simulators in urological training--views of UK Training Programme Directors.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The role of surgical simulators is currently being debated in urological and other surgical specialties. Simulators are not presently implemented in the UK urology training curriculum. The availability of simulators and the opinions of Training Programme Directors' (TPD) on their role have not been described.

Leiomyosarcoma of the spermatic cord: case report and literature review.

A 51-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of painless lump in the left hemiscrotum. Scrotal examination demonstrated a 3-cm, firm-to-hard mass attached to the left spermatic cord. Scrotal ultrasound scan revealed a heterogeneous mass separate from the left testis and epididymis.

Similar treatment outcomes for radical cystectomy and radical radiotherapy in invasive bladder cancer treated at a United Kingdom specialist treatment center.

Purpose: To conduct a retrospective analysis within a large university teaching hospital, comparing outcomes between patients receiving either radical surgery or radiotherapy as curative treatment for bladder cancer.

Patients And Methods: Between March 1996 and December 2000, 169 patients were treated radically for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Data were collected from patient notes.

DNA repair gene XRCC1 polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk.

Background: Cigarette smoking and chemical occupational exposure are the main known risk factors for bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Oxidative DNA damage induced by carcinogens present in these exposures requires accurate base excision repair (BER). The XRCC1 protein plays a crucial role in BER by acting as a scaffold for other BER enzymes.

Comprehensive analysis of 22 XPC polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk.

Two major risk factors for bladder cancer are smoking and occupational exposure to chemicals. The XPC protein is crucial in the recognition and initiation of the nucleotide excision repair pathway which repairs the DNA adducts formed by carcinogens found in cigarette smoke and chemicals. Polymorphisms in the XPC gene have been shown to influence an individual's DNA repair capacity, and hence, increase that individual's susceptibility to cancer.

APE1 and XRCC1 protein expression levels predict cancer-specific survival following radical radiotherapy in bladder cancer.

Introduction: Radiotherapy offers the potential of bladder preservation in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, but only a proportion of tumors respond, and there are no accurate predictive methods. The ability of tumor cells to repair DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation influences radiosensitivity. We therefore investigated the prognostic value of the DNA repair proteins APE1 and XRCC1 in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated by radical radiotherapy.