A Comparative Study on Kidney Morphology of Anatolian Ground Squirrels, Rabbits, and Rats.

In this study, the kidneys of ground squirrels (hibernated and nonhibernated), rabbits, and rats were examined macro and microanatomically. Kidney morphology was investigated by stereo microscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Triple and immunohistochemical staining were performed for light microscopic examinations.

Impact of immigration background on feasibility of electronic patient-reported outcomes in advanced urothelial cancer patients.

Background: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) have been shown to enhance healthcare quality by improving patient symptom management or quality of life (QoL). However, ePROs data for urothelial cancer (UC) patients receiving systemic therapies are scarce, and the application of ePROs in this patient cohort may need specific setups. This study tested the feasibility of ePROs for UC patients receiving systemic therapies in the outpatient clinic of a tertiary care center.

Awake neurosurgery: Advancements in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia.

Background: The treatment landscape for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) involves various surgical interventions, among which microvascular decompression (MVD) stands out as highly effective. While MVD offers significant benefits, its success relies on precise surgical techniques and patient selection. In addition, the emergence of awake surgery techniques presents new opportunities to improve outcomes and minimize complications associated with MVD for TN.

Redefining cerebellar assessment: A comprehensive review of the cerebellum's cognitive and affective roles and the efficacy of CCAS scales.

Background: Emerging research expands our understanding of the cerebellum beyond motor control to include cognitive, emotional, and autonomic functions. This review examines the cerebellum's complex role, spotlighting Schmahmann's syndrome, or cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), which impairs executive functions, language, and spatial processing. It emphasizes advancements in diagnosing CCAS and the imperative of developing superior diagnostic tools for managing cerebellar pathologies effectively.

Correction: Alan et al. Evaluation of the Breastfeeding Dynamics of Neonates with Ankyloglossia via a Novel Ultrasonographic Technique. 2023, , 3435.

There were a few errors in the original publication [...

Discontinuation of affirmative action: Consequences for black educational equity, neurosurgical residency, and medical diversity, with consideration of potential adversity as a new path forward.

Background: The underrepresentation of the Black community in neurosurgery is concerning, especially given projections that racial minorities will become the majority in the U.S. by 2044.

Addressing healthcare disparities in homeless neurosurgical patients: A comprehensive literature review on strategies for equitable care and improved outcomes.

Background: Homelessness is a growing concern in the US, with 3.5 million people experiencing it annually and 600,000 on any given night. Homeless individuals face increased vulnerability to 30-day hospital readmissions and higher mortality rates, straining the healthcare system and exacerbating existing disparities.

Neuroprotection: Surgical approaches in traumatic brain injury.

Background: This review is centered on the pivotal role of surgical interventions within the comprehensive management of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Surgical strategies are indispensable components of TBI care, encompassing primary injury management and the alleviation of secondary injury processes, including the handling of intracranial hemorrhages (ICHs), contusions, and mass lesions.

Methods: A systematic review was carried out by searching databases including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.

Neuroprotection strategies in traumatic brain injury: Studying the effectiveness of different clinical approaches.

Background: This review delves into clinical strategies aimed at addressing the complexities of traumatic brain injury (TBI), specifically focusing on pharmaceutical interventions and stem cell therapies as potential avenues for enhancing TBI outcomes.

Methods: A thorough review of clinical strategies for TBI management, encompassing pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical interventions, was performed. PubMed, MEDLINE and clinical trial databases were searched to identify relevant studies and clinical trials.

The importance of behavioral interventions in traumatic brain injury.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses a significant public health concern, profoundly impacting individuals and society. In this context, behavioral interventions have gained prominence as crucial elements in TBI management, addressing the diverse needs of TBI-affected individuals.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.

Leukocyte differential gene expression prognostic value for high versus low seizure frequency in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background: This study was performed to test the hypothesis that systemic leukocyte gene expression has prognostic value differentiating low from high seizure frequency refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).

Methods: A consecutive series of patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy was studied. Based on a median baseline seizure frequency of 2.

Evaluation of the Breastfeeding Dynamics of Neonates with Ankyloglossia via a Novel Ultrasonographic Technique.

To effectively address breastfeeding issues for neonates and mothers, one must understand the physiology of breastfeeding and the anatomical components involved in sucking, swallowing, and respiration. This study compared the tongue position and movement of neonates with tongue ties versus healthy controls during sucking. A new objective ultrasonography diagnostic approach was also introduced for the orofacial region.

Emotional intelligence in neurosurgery: Mitigating burnout and enhancing performance.

Background: This study underscores the high burnout rates among physicians, particularly surgical residents, attributing it to the demanding health-care ecosystem. It highlights the negative impacts of burnout, such as medical errors and increased health-care costs, while exploring the potential mitigating role of emotional intelligence (EI) and mindfulness. The research aimed to analyze the existing literature on EI in neurosurgery, focusing on its relationship with physician burnout and its potential role in healthcare leadership and residency training programs.

TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α Expression in the Lungs of Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs in Response to LPS and LTA.

Toll-like receptors are involved in the recognition of bacterial toxins, which cause infection in the respiratory system. This study aimed to evaluate microanatomical and histological alterations in the lungs of 24 healthy Akkaraman and Romanov lambs after the administration of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LTA + LPS and investigate the gene, protein, and immune expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α molecules, known to have immune functions. Microanatomical examinations showed thickened peribronchial and alveolar walls in the lungs of groups LTA, LPS, and LTA + LPS of both breeds due to immune cell infiltration.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of drug-eluting transarterial chemoebolization in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background And Aim: Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) therapy is currently considered as first option therapy in the intermediate stage HCC. The purpose of our study is to assess the efficacy and prognostic factors related to the DEB- TACE therapy.

Materials And Methods: The data from 133 patients with unresecetable HCC who were treated with DEB-TACE and followed between January 2011-March 2018 were retrospectively evaluated.

A new perspective on the corneo-scleral junction with three types of microscopy techniques.

The conjunctions of the cornea and sclera in the eyes of donkeys, cattle, dogs, sheep, pigs and rabbits, regardless of gender, were examined in this study. No animals were specifically sacrificed for this investigation. Scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and dissecting microscopy were used in this research.

Morphological examination and scanning electron microscopy of the barn owl's (Tyto alba) tongue.

The beak structure changes according to the feeding patterns of birds. Further, the morphological and histological structures of their tongues vary. Therefore, the current study aimed to perform macroanatomical and histological examinations and scanning electron microscopy of the barn owl's (Tylo alba) tongue.

LPS- and LTA-Induced Expression of TLR4, MyD88, and TNF-α in Lymph Nodes of the Akkaraman and Romanov Lambs.

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory processes play a critical role in the innate immune response during the initial interaction between the infecting microorganism and immune cells. This study aimed to investigate the possible microanatomical and histological differences in mandibular and bronchial lymph nodes in Akkaraman and Romanov lambs induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and study the gene, protein, and immunoexpression levels of , () and tumor necrosis factor-α () that are involved in the immune system. Microanatomical examinations demonstrated more intense lymphocyte infiltration in the bronchial lymph nodes of Akkaraman lambs in the LPS and LTA groups compared to Romanov lambs.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia in rats.

Anticancer drug paclitaxel (PTX) frequently causes painful peripheral neuropathy; however, no medication has been shown to be effective in the treatment of this debilitating side effect. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of two different doses of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on PTX-induced mechanical allodynia and spinal cytokine levels and their localization to target tissues such as the spinal cord and sciatic nerve. After the development of mechanical allodynia with repeated PTX administration, two different doses of rat BM-MSCs, low or high (1 × 10 -5 × 10 ), were transplanted into rats and the evaluation continued for 30 days.

In Vitro Gynogenesis in Leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.).

Leek (A. ampeloprasum L.) is an economically important vegetable crop from Alliaceae family.