Trough plasma nevirapine levels, immunologic and virologic responses in composite CYP2B6*6/*18 HIV-infected adult Nigerian patients.

The influence of composite CYP2B6*6/*18 genotype on trough plasma nevirapine levels, HIV RNA levels (virologic response) and CD4+ T lymphocyte and absolute lymphocyte counts (immunologic response) of HIV-infected patients were evaluated. Patients with records of trough plasma nevirapine levels, CD4+ T lymphocyte, absolute lymphocyte and viral load counts at baseline and months 6 and 12 after initiation of nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy combinations were retrospectively analysed. Participants were from a cohort of 150 patients previously genotyped and with measured plasma nevirapine levels.

Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis among HIV infected patients in Ilorin, Nigeria using tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assay.

Introduction: Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) screening is recommended for individuals with a known risk factor for progression to active disease especially in the setting of HIV infection. This will ensure early diagnosis and prompt treatment. The purpose of our study was to compare tuberculin skin test (TST) with Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) in the diagnosis of LTBI among patients with known HIV infection at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin.

Cryptococcal antigen among HIV1-infected individuals in north-central Nigeria.

Background And Purpose: The potential for the invasion of the central nervous system by species is underscored by the presence of this organism in the blood of immunocompromised individuals. Early adoption of sensitive methods for the diagnosis of species will reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Regarding this, the aim of the present research was to detect cryptococcal antigen among HIV1- infected individuals in north-central Nigeria.

Spirometric abnormalities following treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite microbiological cure for the disease, many patients still demonstrate residual respiratory symptoms and spirometric abnormalities.

Aim And Objectives: The study aimed at identifying the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with spirometric abnormalities in patients successfully treated for PTB in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study at the pulmonary outpatient clinics of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital and Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Sobi, Ilorin.

Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms during pregnancy in the middle belt of Nigeria.

Information about the burden of asthma during pregnancy in Africa is scarce. To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in Ilorin, Nigeria. This study uses the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire and definitions to screen 870 pregnant women attending three hospitals for asthma.

Lung function abnormalities among garri processing workers in Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

Background: Local production of garri (cassava crisps) is associated with air pollution and consequently lung function abnormalities among garri processing workers. This study was aimed at describing lung function abnormalities among Nigerians engaged in cassava crisps (garri) processing.

Methods: A total of 351 workers and 351 controls were recruited at garri factories in Ogbomoso, Nigeria by multistage random sampling technique.

Etiology, clinical characteristics, and management of pleural effusion in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Pleural effusion (PE) is a primary manifestation or secondary complication of many disorders. This study reviews the pattern and management of PE in a Nigerian hospital.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 213 patients with clinical diagnosis of PE over a period of 3 years were reviewed.

Prevalence of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis among Patients Previously Treated for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in North-Western, Nigeria.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health problem. Greater than 90% of rifampicin (RIF)-resistant isolates were also isoniazid resistant, and hence, rifampicin resistance (RR) is frequently used as a surrogate for multidrug-resistant TB.

Setting: This study was conducted at Infectious Disease Hospital Kano in North-Western Nigeria.

Sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among mentally ill patients attending a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Background: Mentally ill persons are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections including hepatitis B and C because of their high level risky behaviors. This study is aimed at establishing the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B and C among the mentally ill individuals (MII) attending psychiatric clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Nigeria since it has not been documented.

Methods: A total of 350 MII were recruited.

Prevalence, intensity and complications of Microsporidium spores amongst HIV-positive hospital patients in Ilorin, Nigeria.

Background: Microsporidiasis, which is of great concern for immunocompromised patients, is poorly studied in developing countries.

Objectives: A study was carried out amongst HIV-positive hospital patients and HIV-negative hospital controls in Ilorin, Nigeria, between January 2009 and July 2010 to determine the prevalence and intensity of spores and the complications associated with their presence.

Method: Stool samples from 750 HIV-positive patients and 375 HIV-negative patients were studied using the Chromotrope-2R staining technique.

Awareness of the Warning Signs, Risk Factors, and Treatment for Tuberculosis among Urban Nigerians.

Objectives. To determine the awareness of the warning signs, risk factors, and treatment of tuberculosis among urban Nigerians. Methods.

Assessment of the level of asthma control among adult patients in two tertiary care centers in Nigeria.

Background: According to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, the goal of asthma management is to achieve clinical control. Uncontrolled asthma places a significant social and economic burden on patients.

Objective: The two aims of this study were to (1) assess the level of asthma control (according to the GINA definition of "control") among adult patients attending two tertiary care centers in Nigeria and (2) to determine the predictors associated with uncontrolled asthma.

Secondhand smoke exposure among nonsmoking adults in two Nigerian cities.

Background: Tobacco control policy can only succeed if the burdens of smoking are known. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among nonsmoking adults in two Nigerian cities.

Materials And Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study from October 2009 to April 2010 among adult population of two Nigerian cities: Enugu and Ilorin.

Pain as a Symptom in Patients Living With HIV/AIDS Seen at the Outpatient Clinic of a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Although the negative impact of pain on the quality of life of patients living with HIV has been documented in many Western studies, there is a paucity of data on pain in HIV-infected patients in Nigeria in spite of a large disease burden. We studied the frequency of pain as a symptom and determined the body regions often affected among our cohort of patients attending the antiretroviral (ARV) clinic. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on presence of pain in the 2 weeks before the interview.

Asthma in Nigeria: are the facilities and resources available to support internationally endorsed standards of care?

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the facilities and resources available to support internationally endorsed standards of asthma care at tertiary hospitals (University teaching, Federal Medical Centre and State specialist Hospitals) in Nigeria.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 68 tertiary hospitals (TH) in Nigeria from June 2009 to December 2009. Structured standards of care questionnaires on asthma based on the Global initiative for asthma (GINA) guideline were completed by physician working in each of the TH.

An audit of spirometry at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria (2002-2009).

Background: Spirometry is a noninvasive and cost-effective physiologic test that greatly complements other investigative procedures in evaluation of respiratory conditions. This study was aimed at auditing the spirometry performed at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) Ilorin, Nigeria, and highlighting some of the challenges associated with the procedure.

Methods: We reviewed and analyzed the record of spirometry performed at the cardiopulmonary unit of the hospital from June 2002 to December 2009.

A retrospective evaluation of pretreatment and follow-up monitoring of HIV-infected adult patients in a resource-poor setting.

The rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with the challenges of ensuring that HIV care delivered to clients is of the highest quality. This study was designed to evaluate the pretreatment and 12 month follow-up monitoring of clinical and laboratory profiles of HIV-infected patients at the adult HIV clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, in Nigeria. It was a retrospective analysis of records of 440 adult patients who were on follow-up visits for 1 or more years.

Factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough in the young adult population of Nigeria.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nocturnal, productive and dry cough among young adults in Nigeria.

Methods: We evaluated 498 subjects, 20-44 years of age, in Ilorin, Nigeria, using the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire, administered by trained interviewers.

Results: Nocturnal cough was associated with asthma (OR = 10.

Evaluation of current knowledge, awareness and practice of spirometry among hospital -based Nigerian doctors.

Background: Spirometry is a cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluation of lung function and for case-finding in a resource-limited setting. The acceptance of this test depends on the awareness of its indications and the ability to interpret the results. No studies have assessed the knowledge of spirometry among Nigerian doctors.