The effects of simultaneous respiratory infections on the nasal shedding of Mycoplasmopsis bovirhinis in dairy calves.

Although there are several studies that described the possible participation of Mycoplasmopsis bovirhinis (formerly, Mycoplasma bovirhinis) in respiratory disease in calves worldwide, none of these evaluated the effects of concomitant infections on the shedding of this organism. Accordingly, this study evaluated the effects of simultaneous respiratory infections in dairy calves on the nasal shedding of M. bovirhinis.

Molecular detection of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 in free ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa) from Southern Brazil.

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) is a member of Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and causes sheep associated-malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) in a wide range of ungulates. However, no descriptions of SA-MCF and/or infections due to OvGHV2 were identified in the wild boar (Sus scrofa). This study investigated the occurrence of OvGHV2 in the lungs (n = 44) of asymptomatic, free ranging wild boars captured in several regions of Paraná State, Southern Brazil.

The Role of in the Development of Singular and Concomitant Respiratory Infections in Dairy Calves from Southern Brazil.

The role of in the development of pulmonary disease in cattle is controversial and was never evaluated in cattle from Latin America. This study investigated the respiratory infection dynamics associated with in suckling calves from 15 dairy cattle herds in Southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were obtained from asymptomatic ( = 102) and calves with clinical manifestations ( = 103) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and used in molecular assays to identify the specific genes of viral and bacterial disease pathogens of BRD.

The vaccination changed the profile of rotavirus infection with the increase of non-rotavirus A species diagnosis in one-week-old diarrheic piglets.

Porcine rotavirus (RV) is a major viral agent associated with severe diarrhea in newborn piglets. RVA, RVB, RVC, and RVH are RV species that have already been identified in pigs. RVA is considered the most prevalent and relevant virus in pig production worldwide.

Characterization of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 in a goat by nanoplate digital PCR and other diagnostic methods.

The Macavirus, ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), is the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF). Although SA-MCF occurs in a wide range of mammalian hosts, there are few descriptions of this disease and/or infection in goats. This report describes the findings observed in a goat that was infected by OvGHV2 and adds to the rare description of this infection in this animal species.

Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle.

This study investigated the cause of an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease syndrome followed by episodes of diarrhea in a dairy cattle herd from Southern Brazil. Deep nasal swabs (DNS) from asymptomatic calves, calves with pulmonary discomfort, and diarrheic calves after episodes of respiratory distress were used in molecular assays designed to detect the principal pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Fecal samples were used for the molecular detection of bovine enteric disease agents.

Possible Association of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 6 with Pulmonary Disease in a Cow.

Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), previously known as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Other members of the genus include viruses that produce malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in mammalian hosts, collectively referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex, and the porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). However, the current role of BoGHV6 in the development of diseases and/or disease syndromes remains uncertain and controversial.

Case report: Mixed infection of bovine papillomaviruses associated with squamous papilloma of the upper alimentary tract in a dairy cow.

Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection can induce neoplastic lesions in both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia in cattle. This study describes the BPV types associated with proliferative lesions with diverse histopathological features present in the upper alimentary tract of a dairy cow suffering from chronic diarrhea from Midwestern Brazil. At autopsy, warts and plaques composed of multiple spherical nodules were observed in the esophageal mucosa, the areas surrounding and constricting the opening of the cardia, and the rumen pillars.

Bovine Coronavirus Co-infection and Molecular Characterization in Dairy Calves With or Without Clinical Respiratory Disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is considered a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young calves and is caused by a range of infectious agents, including viruses and bacteria. This study aimed to determine the frequency of viral and bacterial pathogens detected in calves with BRD from high-production dairy cattle herds and to perform the molecular characterization of N and S1 genes in identified bovine coronavirus (BCoV) strains. Nasal swabs were collected from 166 heifer calves, namely, 85 symptomatic and 81 asymptomatic calves aged between 5 and 90 days, from 10 dairy cattle herds.

Detection of bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 in tissues of aborted fetuses from dairy cows concomitantly infected by Histophilus somni.

Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), formerly known as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, that was initially associated with proliferative diseases in cattle. While the Macavirus genus contains agents, including alcelaphine gammaherpesvirus 1 (AlGHV1), ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), and caprine gammaherpesvirus-2 (CpGHV2), known to cause malignant catarrhal fever (MCF), and are collectively referred to as MCF virus (MCFV) group of organisms, diseases and/or clinical syndromes have not been associated with BoGHV6 and porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). This report investigated the occurrence of BoGHV6 in tissues of aborted dairy fetuses known to be infected by Histophilus somni to identify possible disease patterns associated with infection by this Macavirus.

The third wave of Seneca Valley virus outbreaks in pig herds in southern Brazil.

Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is the only representative member of the Senecavirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Since 2014, SVV has been identified as a causative agent of vesicular disease outbreaks in pigs of different ages from Brazil, the USA, Canada, China, Thailand, Colombia, Vietnam, and India. From May 2020, several pig herds, from the Brazilian states Parana and Santa Catarina reported vesicular disease in different pig categories.

Porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus () DNA in free-living wild boars ( Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil.

Background: , , and (porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus - PLHV-1, -2, and -3) are viruses that infect domestic and feral pigs.

Objectives: This study examined the presence of PLHV DNA in biological samples from free-living wild boars circulating in a Brazilian geographical region with a high density of commercial domestic pigs.

Methods: Lung samples of 50 free-living wild boars were collected by exotic wildlife controller agents between 2017 and 2019 in the state of Paraná, southern Brazil.

Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 infections in cattle without typical manifestations of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever and concomitantly infected with bovine coronavirus.

Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is a severe, frequently fatal, lymphoproliferative disease that affects a wide variety of ruminants and is caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the MCF virus (MCFV) complex. The typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF are well known and easily recognized by veterinarians, resulting in clinical diagnosis of MCF when characteristic clinical signs are present. This article describes the findings observed in cattle infected with OvHV-2 but without typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF.

Severe outbreak of bovine neonatal diarrhea in a dairy calf rearing unit with multifactorial etiology.

This study describes the etiological diversity observed in a severe neonatal diarrhea outbreak with morbidity and mortality rates of 80 and 20%, respectively, with detection of mixed infections with viral, bacterial, and protozoan disease agents in a dairy calf rearing unit. Diarrheic fecal samples were collected from eight 5 to 18 days of age calves and were submitted to the investigation of the presence of rotavirus A (RVA), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine kobuvirus (BKV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella sp., and Cryptosporidium spp.

Detection of Pestivirus A (bovine viral diarrhea virus 1) in free-living wild boars in Brazil.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a major pathogen in cattle herds. Considering the epidemiological importance of pestiviruses and the process of wild boar invasion in Brazil, this study aimed to investigate the presence of BVDV in free-living boars. Forty-nine free-living wild boars were collected by exotic wildlife controller agents in 2017 and 2018.

Porcine rotavirus B as primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets.

Rotavirus (RV) is considered a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals. RV is classified into nine species, five of which have been identified in pigs. Most studies worldwide have highlighted diarrhoea outbreaks caused by RVA, which is considered the most important RV species.

(Atypical Porcine Pestivirus): Update on the Virus, Viral Infection, and the Association with Congenital Tremor in Newborn Piglets.

The atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) belongs to the species of the genus and the family , and it has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Although APPV was discovered in 2015, evidence shows that APPV has circulated in pig herds for many years, at least since 1986. Due to the frequently reported outbreaks of CT on different continents, the importance of this virus for global pig production is notable.

Porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus DNA detection in multiple organs of pigs in Brazil.

We investigated the porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV) DNA presence in multiple organs of pigs. Biological samples (n = 136) included tissue fragments of the central nervous system, heart, kidney, liver, lungs, spleen, urinary bladder, and urine. Sixty-eight (50%) organs were PLHV DNA-positive.

Microbial diversity involved in the etiology of a bovine respiratory disease outbreak in a dairy calf rearing unit.

The etiological agents involved in a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) outbreak were investigated in a dairy heifer calf rearing unit from southern Brazil. A battery of PCR assays was performed to detect the most common viruses and bacteria associated with BRD, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), , , , and . Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were taken from 21 heifer calves (symptomatic = 15; asymptomatic = 6) that, during the occurrence of the BDR outbreak, were aged between 6 and 90 days.

Molecular characterization of Brazilian wild-type strains of bovine respiratory syncytial virus reveals genetic diversity and a putative new subgroup of the virus.

Bovine orthopneumovirus, formerly known as bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), is frequently associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). To perform the molecular characterization of the G and F proteins of Brazilian wild-type BRSV strains derived from bovine respiratory infections in both beef and dairy cattle. Ten BRSV strains derived from a dairy heifer rearing unit ( = 3) in 2011 and steers of three other feedlots ( = 7) in 2014 and 2015 were analyzed.

Detection of Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 DNA in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic horses from Southern Brazil.

Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) and 5 (EHV-5) are members of the Herpesviridae family and have been reported in horse populations worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of herpesvirus DNA in the upper respiratory tract of horses. Twenty-six nasal swabs were collected from asymptomatic adult horses of two different horse farms (A, n = 18; B, n = 8), both located in Southern Brazil.

Seneca Valley virus RNA detection in pig feed and feed ingredients in Brazil.

We investigated Seneca Valley virus (SVV) contamination in pig feed and feed ingredients. Twenty-seven samples were collected from two Brazilian feed mills and subjected to conventional RT-nested-PCR and qRT-PCR assays. Seven samples were SVV-positive with viral loads of 3.

Pathologic and molecular findings associated with atypical porcine pestivirus infection in newborn piglets.

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in newborn piglets. Although the number of APPV-based studies is increasing, the associated pathologic findings in infected piglets are underreported. This study describes the histopathologic features of spontaneous APPV infection in CT-affected piglets and complements a previous report by our group.