Developing a gender measure and examining its association with cardiovascular diseases incidence: a 28-year prospective cohort study.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Examining gender (socio-cultural) in addition to sex (biological) is required to untangle socio-cultural characteristics contributing to inequities within or between sexes. This study aimed to develop a gender measure including four gender dimensions and examine the association between this gender measure and CVD incidence, across sexes.

Direct medical costs of cardiovascular diseases: Do cost components vary according to sex and age?

Background: The aim was to estimate direct medical costs of men and women patients by age group related to cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, strokes) in the province of Quebec, Canada from the economic perspective of the healthcare public system, encompassing five cost components: physician fees, hospitalization (hospital stay, intensive care stay), emergency visits and medication costs.

Methods: This matched case-control study involved secondary data from a longitudinal cohort study (1997-2018) of 4584 white-collar workers. Participants were followed for a four-year period.

Cardiovascular diseases in Quebec health administrative databases: missing diagnoses and underestimation of the number of cases in a 28-year prospective cohort.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) surveillance in Quebec and the rest of Canada is carried out using health administrative databases, which in Quebec includes the physician claims database. The presence of billing claims without diagnoses can lead to the number of CVD cases being underestimated. The purpose of this study is to estimate the proportion of CVD diagnoses and CVD cases that may be missing from these databases.

Effort-reward imbalance at work assessed at midlife and prediabetes prevalence assessed 18 years later in a prospective cohort of white-collar workers.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that workers exposed to psychosocial stressors at work from the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, evidence about the effect of ERI on prediabetes is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between effort-reward imbalance at work, glycated hemoglobin level and the prevalence of prediabetes in women and men from a prospective cohort study.

Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Atrial Fibrillation Incidence: An 18-Year Prospective Study.

Background: Psychosocial stressors at work, defined by the job strain and effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) models, were shown to increase coronary heart disease risk. No previous study has examined the adverse effect of psychosocial stressors at work from both models on atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence. The objective of this study was to examine the separate and combined effect of psychosocial stressors at work from the job strain and ERI models on AF incidence in a prospective cohort study.

Socioeconomic inequalities, psychosocial stressors at work and physician-diagnosed depression: Time-to-event mediation analysis in the presence of time-varying confounders.

Objectives: There is evidence that both low socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial stressors at work (PSW) increase risk of depression, but prospective studies on the contribution of PSW to the socioeconomic gradient of depression are still limited.

Methods: Using a prospective cohort of Quebec white-collar workers (n = 9188 participants, 50% women), we estimated randomized interventional analogues of the natural direct effect of SES indicators at baseline (education level, household income, occupation type and a combined measure) and of their natural indirect effects mediated through PSW (job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI) measured at the follow-up in 1999-2001) on incident physician-diagnosed depression.

Results: During 3 years of follow-up, we identified 469 new cases (women: 33.

Association between psychosocial work-related factors at midlife and arterial stiffness at older age in a prospective cohort of 1736 white-collar workers.

Objective: Arterial stiffness and exposure to psychosocial work-related factors increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about the relationship between psychosocial work-related factors and arterial stiffness. We aimed to examine this relationship.

Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Coronary Heart Disease Risk in Men and Women: 18-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Combined Exposures.

Background: Psychosocial stressors at work, like job strain and effort-reward imbalance (ERI), can increase coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. ERI indicates an imbalance between the effort and received rewards. Evidence about the adverse effect of combined exposure to these work stressors on CHD risk is scarce.

Issue with Evaluating Costs Over Time in a Context of Medical Guideline Changes: An Example in Myocardial Infarction Care Based on a Longitudinal Study from 1997 to 2018.

Background: Cost studies appear sporadically in the scientific literature and are rarely revised unless drastic technological advancements occur. However, health technologies and medical guidelines evolve over time. It is unclear if these changes render obsolete prior estimates.

Low Social Support at Work and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in a Repeated Cross-sectional Study of White-Collar Workers.

Objectives: Previous studies on the effect of low social support at work on blood pressure showed mixed results. Few previous studies have used ambulatory blood pressure and examined whether the effect of low social support at work vary among men and women. The aim of this study was to examine the association between low social support at work, ambulatory blood pressure means and hypertension prevalence, in a sample of white-collar workers men and women.

Validation of case definitions of depression derived from administrative data against the CIDI-SF as reference standard: results from the PROspective Québec (PROQ) study.

Background: Administrative data have several advantages over questionnaire and interview data to identify cases of depression: they are usually inexpensive, available for a long period of time and are less subject to recall bias and differential classification errors. However, the validity of administrative data in the correct identification of depression has not yet been studied in general populations. The present study aimed to 1) evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of administrative cases of depression using the validated Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short Form (CIDI-SF) as reference standard and 2) compare the known-groups validity between administrative and CIDI-SF cases of depression.

Job strain and effort-reward imbalance as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the available data on prospective associations between work-related stressors and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adult workers, according to the demand-control-support (DCS) and the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) models.

Method: We searched for prospective studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL and PsychInfo. After screening and extraction, quality of evidence was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool adapted for observational studies.

Psychosocial stressors at work and inflammatory biomarkers: PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health.

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with high risk of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, and dementia. As low-grade inflammation could be present long before the apparition of the disease, identifying modifiable risk factors could allow to act upstream. Psychosocial stressors at work have been suggested as modifiable risk factors of low-grade inflammation, but few longitudinal studies have evaluated the association between these stressors and inflammatory biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work and global cognitive function: the PROspective Quebec Study on Work and Health.

Objectives: Psychosocial stressors at work have been proposed as modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cumulative exposure to psychosocial stressors at work on cognitive function.

Methods: This study was conducted among 9188 white-collar workers recruited in 1991-1993 (T1), with follow-ups 8 (T2) and 24 years later (T3).

Effectiveness of a workplace intervention reducing psychosocial stressors at work on blood pressure and hypertension.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of a workplace intervention reducing psychosocial stressors at work in lowering blood pressure and hypertension prevalence.

Methods: The study design was a quasi-experimental pre-post study with an intervention group and a control group. Post-intervention measurements were collected 6 and 36 months after the midpoint of the intervention.

Long Working Hours and Risk of Recurrent Coronary Events.

Background: Evidence from prospective studies has suggested that long working hours are associated with incident coronary heart disease (CHD) events. However, no previous study has examined whether long working hours are associated with an increased risk of recurrent CHD events among patients returning to work after a first myocardial infarction (MI).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of long working hours on the risk of recurrent CHD events.

Long working hours associated with elevated ambulatory blood pressure among female and male white-collar workers over a 2.5-year follow-up.

Population-based strategies targeting modifiable risk factors are needed to improve the prevention of hypertension. Long working hours have been linked to high blood pressure (BP), but more longitudinal research is required. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of long working hours (≥41 h/week) on ambulatory BP mean over a 2.

Validity of participants' self-reported diagnosis for a work absence due to a mental health problem compared with physician-certified diagnosis for the same work absence among 709 Canadian workers.

Objectives: This study assesses the validity of a self-reported mental health problem (MHP) diagnosis as the reason for a work absence of 5 days or more compared with a physician-certified MHP diagnosis related to the same work absence. The potential modifying effect of absence duration on validity is also examined.

Methods: A total of 709 participants (1031 sickness absence episodes) were selected and interviewed.

Job strain and incident cardiovascular disease: the confounding and mediating effects of lifestyle habits. An overview of systematic reviews.

This overview of systematic reviews (SR) aims to determine how the potential confounding and/or mediating effects of lifestyle habits were taken into consideration in SR examining the job strain effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. Thirteen SR were identified. Lifestyle habits were often considered as confounders (n = 8).

Differences between women and men in the relationship between psychosocial stressors at work and work absence due to mental health problem.

Objectives: Women have a higher incidence of mental health problems compared with men. Psychosocial stressors at work are associated with mental health problems. However, few prospective studies have examined the association between these stressors and objectively measured outcomes of mental health.

Hypertension Canada's 2020 Comprehensive Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children.

Hypertension Canada's 2020 guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children provide comprehensive, evidence-based guidance for health care professionals and patients. Hypertension Canada develops the guidelines using rigourous methodology, carefully mitigating the risk of bias in our process. All draft recommendations undergo critical review by expert methodologists without conflict to ensure quality.