Gender Identity Orientation and Sexual Activity-A Survey among Transgender and Gender-Diverse (TGD) Individuals in Norway.

Background: The understanding and conceptualizing of gender and sexuality are continuously negotiated between individuals and cultures. Recently, new gender identity orientations have emerged, fighting pathologization and establishing new spaces and options for being sexually active gendered beings.

Objective: To investigate variations in sexual activities across different gender identity orientations.

Sociodemographic Characteristics, Gender Identification, and Gender Affirmation Pathways in Transgender People: A Survey Study in Chile.

Understanding the internal diversity of transgender communities is essential for developing optimal, inclusive policies and service provision. To date, research on this topic remains scarce in Chile. We conducted a survey study describing sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex assigned at birth, onset age, nationality, education, sex work, having a partner, having children, sexual orientation, religiousness, gender identification, and gender affirmation pathways).

[Mental health in a sample of transgender people].

Background: Transgender population is at a higher risk of suffering mental health problems than cisgender population (people whose sex and gender identity are in agreement) and other sexual minorities (gays, lesbians, and bisexuals), partly due to the greater stress that they suffer or for being victims of sexual prejudice.

Aim: To describe positive and negative mental health indicators in a sample of transgender people living in Chile.

Material And Methods: An intentional sample of 377 transgender individuals older than 18 years, living in the country's northern, center and southern zones were studied.

[Institutions' approach to sexuality, a necessity between care and sexual rights.].

The "total institutions" described by Erving Goffman have always functioned, particularly in psychiatry, in accordance with internal rules organising directly or indirectly the sex life of the patients. Sexual relations were limited, banned and even sanctioned. The evolution of psychiatric hospitals changed views and sexual practices.

Proposed Declassification of Disease Categories Related to Sexual Orientation in the (ICD-11).

(Reprinted with permission from the ).

Body construction and health itineraries: a survey among travestis and trans people in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The article examines health itineraries followed by Brazilian travestis, trans men and trans women in the affirmation of their gender, based on the survey Trans Uerj: Health and Citizenship of Trans People in Brazil. The survey's main objectives were to gauge the trans/travesti population's diversity and sociodemographic profile; and to map the various ways they access their rights as citizens, especially to healthcare services and body modification technologies. Interviewers, mainly trans people and travestis, applied 391 questionnaires in the city of Rio de Janeiro and its metropolitan region to interviewees of different social classes, schooling levels and gender identity configurations, contacted through the interviewers' social networks.

Representations of people living with HIV: influences on the late diagnosis of infection.

Objective: To analyze the representations constructed by people living with HIV on the infection and their influence on the late search for diagnosis.

Method: A qualitative study, conducted through an open interview with people who had a late diagnosis of HIV infection. The theoretical framework adopted was the Theory of Social Representations based on a critical approach.

[Caregivers faced with intimacy and sexuality].

Caregivers are confronted with the eroticisation of the care relationship due to the direct physical and close contact with patients and access to their private area. Through lack of training, caregivers often draw on their own personal resources to respond in a suitable and professional manner in these situations.

HIV Vaccine Trials: Ethical, Psychological, and Psychological-Social Aspects (1991-1996).

The authors, who took part in designing and conducting the first phase-1 clinical trials of the HIV vaccine between 1991 and 1996, discuss the history of this innovative program, in particular, the conditions under which volunteers were recruited. They recall its multidisciplinary aspects; the team included, along with clinicians who were used to performing such trials, epidemiologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts, social psychologists, and a philosopher specialized in ethics. When forming this team, officials at France's National Research Agency on AIDS (ANRS) were careful to identify the volunteers social characteristics and pay heed to their subjective motivations for participating, given the context, namely a rising incidence of HIV infection and the challenges that were undermining confidence in medicine.

[Not Available].

 To assess the clinical characteristics of subjects with gender dysphoria (GD).  A cross-sectional study of adults with GD. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

Clinical Practice in Portuguese Sexology.

Few studies explore the clinicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexuality, despite their role in the sexual-health socialization process. This study focuses on Portuguese sexologists engaged in clinical practice. It aims to characterize sexologists' sex education and training and their clinical practices, including diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

[The emergence and institutionalization of sexology in Portugal: processes, actors, and specificities].

Based on Bourdieu's field theory, this article analyzes the emergence and institutionalization of sexology as a science and profession in Portugal, identifying relevant institutions, actors, and professional practices and discussing its relations and specificities. The analysis begins by contextualizing the emergence of modern Western sexology in order to comprehend the Portuguese case in the international sexology context. The second section describes the social, cultural, and institutional factors that have driven the professionalization of sexology.

[The construction of sexology as a profession in Portugal: composition professional group and types of sexologists].

This study sets out to discuss the emergence of the profession of sexologist in Portugal, comparing its development with international trends. This research also seeks to understand the self-identification of sexologists and the significances they attribute to it. The empirical information presented derives from a survey conducted with 91 Portuguese sexologists identified through the leading professional associations and from 44 in-depth interviews with experts selected by intentional sampling to ensure the diversity of Portuguese sexologists.

Sexology in Portugal: Narratives by Portuguese Sexologists.

This article presents the emergence and development of modern sexology in Portugal through the analysis of Portuguese sexologists' narratives, to explore how they commit to a professional identity as sexologists, and to discuss how they integrate their professional role into the vast multidisciplinary field of sexology. In-depth interviews were conducted with 44 key professionals, purposefully recruited to guarantee heterogeneity concerning generation, gender, training, and practice. Content analysis focused on highlighting differences and articulations among the main professionals making up the field.

Between DSM and ICD: Paraphilias and the Transformation of Sexual Norms.

The simultaneous revision of the two major international classifications of disease, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Diseases, serves as an opportunity to observe the dynamic processes through which social norms of sexuality are constructed and are subject to change in relation to social, political, and historical context. This article argues that the classifications of sexual disorders, which define pathological aspects of "sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges or behaviors" are representations of contemporary sexual norms, gender identifications, and gender relations. It aims to demonstrate how changes in the medical treatment of sexual perversions/paraphilias passed, over the course of the 20th century, from a model of pathologization (and sometimes criminalization) of non-reproductive sexual behaviors to a model that reflects and privileges sexual well-being and responsibility, and pathologizes the absence or the limitation of consent in sexual relations.

Hybrid forum or network? The social and political construction of an international 'technical consultation': male circumcision and HIV prevention.

The technical consultation in Montreux, organised by World Health Organization and UNAIDS in 2007, recommended male circumcision as a method for preventing HIV transmission. This consultation came out of a long process of releasing reports and holding international and regional conferences, a process steered by an informal network. This network's relations with other parties is analysed along with its way of working and the exchanges during the technical consultation that led up to the formal adoption of a recommendation.

Proposed declassification of disease categories related to sexual orientation in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11).

The World Health Organization is developing the 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11), planned for publication in 2017. The Working Group on the Classification of Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health was charged with reviewing and making recommendations on disease categories related to sexuality in the chapter on mental and behavioural disorders in the 10th revision (ICD-10), published in 1990. This chapter includes categories for diagnoses based primarily on sexual orientation even though ICD-10 states that sexual orientation alone is not a disorder.

Gender identification and sex reassignment surgery in the trans population: a survey study in France.

Drawing from controversies between medical, legal, and associative actors about the obligation of sex reassignment surgeries (SRS) for people who intend to change their civil status, this article discusses the role that medical procedures, and particularly SRS, play in contemporary gender identifications and transition pathways in France. In 2010, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research conducted a national survey in order to study the sociodemographic characteristics, access to medical, and psychological care, and state of health among trans individuals. After a long period of ethnographic work during which a partnership was established with trans actors to map the social, medical, and political landscape of trans communities, a questionnaire was developed and distributed between July and October 2010 in collaboration with most of the trans organizations and public and private health professionals operating in France.

Experience of sexuality after breast cancer: a qualitative study with women in rehabilitation.

Objective: to comprehend the psychosocial and cultural repercussions of breast cancer and its treatment on the sexuality of women.

Method: this is a qualitative study grounded in the Sexual Scripts Theory with the participation of 23 women who were interviewed and participated in focus groups discussion.

Results: each category was related to a level of the sexual scripts.

Representations of nurses regarding sexuality of women treated for breast cancer in Brazil.

The development of new treatments has improved survival and quality of life among cancer patients. Nurses are expected to answer questions and to provide orientation regarding patients' sexuality since it is an important aspect of life. The main objective of this paper is to understand the representations of sexuality among nurses working with women who survive breast cancer after diagnosis and during treatment assuming that their representations may affect communication with the patient.