Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) variants and promoter I methylation are associated with prolonged nocturnal awakenings in older adults.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is important for sleep physiology. This study investigates whether BDNF variants and promoter I methylation may be implicated in sleep disturbances in older adults. Genotyping was performed for seven BDNF single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 355 community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) and BDNF exon 1 promoter methylation was measured in blood samples at baseline (n = 153).

Impact of sleep disturbances on kidney function decline in the elderly.

While sleep disturbances are frequent in renal disease patients, no studies have examined prospectively the associations between sleep disturbances and kidney function decline in community-dwelling elderly subjects.Glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were estimated at baseline and at 11-year follow-up. A glomerular filtration decline over the follow-up period was defined as a percentage decline greater than or equal to the cut-off value of the highest tertile of kidney function decline (22%) in 1105 subjects.

Sleep complaints and metabolic syndrome in an elderly population: the Three-City Study.

Objectives: To assess whether sleep complaints (rather than clinically defined sleep disturbances) were associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and each of its components in an elderly population.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the French Three City Study, a large multicenter cohort of elderly community-dwellers.

Participants: 6,354 participants (56.

Hypnotics and mortality in an elderly general population: a 12-year prospective study.

Background: Hypnotics are widely used by the elderly, and their impact on mortality remains controversial. The inconsistent findings could be due to methodological limitations, notably the lack of control for underlying sleep symptoms or illness associated with hypnotic use, for example, insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness, depression and anxiety. Our objective was to examine the association between the use of hypnotics and mortality risk in a large cohort of community-dwelling elderly, taking into account a wide range of potential competing risks including sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and chronic disorders as well as underlying psychiatric disorders and sleep complaints.

Insomnia, daytime sleepiness and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in the elderly: a 6-year prospective study.

Objective: To examine 1) the associations between history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) and insomnia complaints and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and 2) the relationships between sleep complaints and future CVD in persons over 65.

Methods: CVD was assessed at baseline and during two, four, and six-year follow-up in 5494 non-demented subjects. Self-reported insomnia complaints (poor sleep quality, difficulty in initiating sleep, difficulty in maintening sleep, and early morning awakening), EDS and sleep medication use were evaluated at baseline.

Excessive sleepiness is predictive of cognitive decline in the elderly.

Study Objectives: To examine the association of sleep complaints reported at baseline (insomnia complaints and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS)) and medication, with cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly.

Design: An 8-yr longitudinal study.

Setting: The French Three-City Study.

Excessive daytime sleepiness and vascular events: the Three City Study.

Objective: We assessed whether excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) at baseline was associated with subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke events.

Methods: The Three City Study, a French population-based multicenter prospective study, included 7,007 subjects aged ≥65 years with no personal history of CHD, stroke, or dementia, and self-rated EDS as never, rare, regular, or frequent in response to a face-to-face questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) for the first episode of stroke and CHD over 6 years were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model with age as the time scale.

Insomnia and daytime sleepiness are risk factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly.

Study Objectives: Previous studies have reported that insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) may predict depression in adults. However, these associations have not been investigated in community-dwelling elderly taking into account insomnia symptoms, EDS, and sleep medication.

Design: Four-year longitudinal study.

Recurrent hypersomnia: a review of 339 cases.

Based on 339 cases this review identifies, quantifies and compares 4 clinical forms of recurrent hypersomnia (1) Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) (239 cases), (2) Kleine-Levin syndrome without compulsive eating (KLS WOCE) (54 cases), (3) Menstrual related hypersomnia (MRH) (18 cases) and Recurrent hypersomnia with comorbidity (RHC) (28 cases). A second part of the review considers the main current issues on recurrent hypersomnia: the predisposing factors, including a window on family cases; the pathophysiology based on clinical patterns, neuroimaging data, neuropathological examinations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypocretin-1 measurements; the issues of recurrence and of a possible disruption of the circadian timing system; the relationships between recurrent hypersomnia and mood disorders; and a note on the atypical Kleine-Levin syndrome. The main outcomes of this study are a clear nosologic distinction of the different forms of recurrent hypersomnia, the finding that the prevalence of familial cases of KLS is in the same range as in narcolepsy, the suggestion of the possible involvement of a large set of cortical and subcortical structures in recurrent hypersomnia and some clues in favour of a relationship between recurrent hypersomnia and mood disorders.

Insomnia symptoms in older adults: associated factors and gender differences.

Objectives: the aim of this study was to examine the factors associated with insomnia in community-dwelling elderly as a function of the nature and number of insomnia symptoms (IS), e.g., difficulty with initiating sleep (DIS), difficulty with maintaining sleep (DMS), and early morning awakening (EMA).

Incidence and persistence of sleep complaints in a community older population.

Objectives: To investigate factors associated with incidence and persistence of sleep complaints in an older population, with particular focus on the role of depression, subclinical depression and physical health status as predictors.

Method: An analysis was carried out of data from the Gospel Oak Study: a community survey of 656 residents within a geographic catchment area in north London, aged 65 and over who were followed up after 1 year. Subjective sleep complaint was ascertained using a single question at baseline and follow-up.

Excessive daytime sleepiness is an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular mortality in community-dwelling elderly: the three city study.

Background And Purpose: Excessive daytime sleepiness, one of the most frequent sleep complaints in the elderly, may affect survival, but inconsistent results have been observed in that population so far. We therefore estimated the risk of mortality for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in community-dwelling elderly participating in the Three City Study.

Methods: The Three City Study is a French population-based multicenter prospective study including 9294 subjects (60% women) aged >or=65 years at recruitment between 1999 to 2001.

Determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness in a French community-dwelling elderly population.

Epidemiological studies have suggested that excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is associated with depression, but the association between EDS and other psychiatric disorders has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of EDS with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and health-related conditions in the elderly population. Two thousand two hundred and fifty-nine non-institutionalised persons aged 65-years and over randomly recruited from the Montpellier district, France, completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).

Insomnia comorbidity and impact and hypnotic use by age group in a national survey population aged 16 to 74 years.

Study Objectives: To compare age-group differences in somatic/psychiatric comorbidity, impact, and pharmacotherapy associated with sleep disturbance across a broad adult age range.

Design: Cross-sectional national mental health survey.

Setting: Adults living in private households in England, Scotland, and Wales.

Sleep and depression.

Background: Of all the psychiatric disorders associated with insomnia, depression is the most common. It has been estimated that 90% of patients with depression complain about sleep quality. Since the first reports of short rapid eye movement (REM) latency in depressed patients and of the effect of sleep deprivation on depression in the 1970s, numerous sleep studies have provided extensive observations and theoretical hypotheses concerning the etiology and pathophysiology of depression.

Family studies in insomnia.

Objective: Several predisposing factors to insomnia have been hypothesized, including a familial component; however, few studies have focused on this topic. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia among first-degree relatives of chronic insomniacs and to compare the symptoms between sporadic and familial insomnia.

Methods: Two hundred fifty-six consecutive chronic insomniacs completed a clinical interview, psychometric questionnaires, a questionnaire on the family history of insomnia and, when indicated, a polysomnography.

No effect on cognitive function from daily mobile phone use.

The increasing use of mobiles phones (MP) has raised the problem of the effects of daily electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure on human health. To date several studies have been published concerning the effects of acute MP exposure on psychomotor performances. This study investigated the effects of daily exposure to GSM 900 type MP on cognitive function.

Effect of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power spectra in psychophysiological insomnia.

There is now an overwhelming preponderance of evidence that cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is effective, as effective as sedative hypnotics during acute treatment (4-8 weeks), and is more effective in long term (following treatment). Although the efficacy of CBT-I in the treatment of chronic insomnia is well known, however there is little objective data on the effects of CBT-I on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power densities. The present study evaluated, first, subjective change in sleep quality and quantity, and secondly the modifications occurring in polysomnography and EEG power densities during sleep after 8 weeks of CBT-I.

Arousal reactions in sleepwalking and night terrors in adults: the role of respiratory events.

Study Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the role of respiratory events, assessed by means of esophageal pressure monitoring, during arousals from slow wave sleep in adult patients with parasomnias.

Design: N/A.

Setting: N/A.

Severity of narcolepsy among French of different ethnic origins (south of France and Martinique).

Study Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and polygraphical characteristics of narcoleptics, with and without cataplexy and to assess HLA predisposition across two different ethnic populations.

Design And Setting: Patients were 126 men and 58 women referred to the Montpellier Sleep Disorders Center (Mtp) and 12 men and 8 women referred to the Fort-de-France Sleep Disorders Center (FdF) (Martinique, a French West Indy island) with symptoms of narcolepsy.

Participants: Narcoleptics were included if they had both excessive daytime sleepiness and clear-cut cataplexy (for the group with cataplexy), a mean sleep latency of less than 8 minutes and at least two sleep onset REM periods.