Intrathecal Morphine Versus Ketamine in Postoperative Pain After Hysterectomy: Double-Blinded, Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Abdominal hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed gynecologic surgical procedures and is frequently associated with moderate to severe pain. The present study compared the effects of morphine and ketamine on postoperative analgesia, hemodynamic stability, and postoperative adverse effects in patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy.

Design: This randomized controlled trial compares the effects of morphine plus adjuvants to those of ketamine plus adjuvants, administered as spinal anesthetic agents in patients who underwent abdominal hysterectomy.