Apoptotic and histopathological defects enhanced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in male mice after short-term exposure.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiONPs) are commercially utilized in diverse fields. Therefore, the current study investigated the apoptotic and histopathological defects that were caused in male mice following intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of TiONPs for 28 days.