Effect of Penetration Angle and Velocity During Intravitreal Injection on Pain.

To evaluate the effect of velocity and angle of the intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factors on pain sensation. Patients were randomly assigned to one of four injection methods: straight and fast, straight and slow, tunneled and fast, and tunneled and slow. Later, they graded their pain sensation on a Visual Analog Scale (range 0-10).

Activated Protein C (APC) and 3K3A-APC-Induced Regression of Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) Is Accompanied by Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Reduction.

The activated protein C (APC) ability to inhibit choroidal neovascularization (CNV) growth and leakage was recently shown in a murine model. A modified APC, 3K3A-APC, was designed to reduce anticoagulant activity while maintaining full cytoprotective properties, thus diminishing bleeding risk. We aimed to study the ability of 3K3A-APC to induce regression of CNV and evaluate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) role in APC's activities in the retina.

Evaluation of a novel training package among frontline maternal, newborn, and child health workers in South Sudan.

Objective: To develop, implement, and evaluate an evidence-based Maternal, Newborn, and Child Survival (MNCS) package for frontline health workers (FHWs) in South Sudan.

Methods: A multimodal needs assessment was conducted to develop a best-evidence package comprised of targeted training, pictorial checklists, and reusable equipment and commodities. Implementation utilized a training-of-trainers model.