Antibacterial Activity and Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Various Sizes of Chitosan Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: White spot lesions are common after orthodontic treatment. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) have emerged as promising antibacterial agents that inhibit the growth of . The aim of the study was to investigate the nano-effect of adhesives containing CS-NPs on  and their effects on shear bond strength.

Evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation of veneers generated by the guided prosthetic tooth preparation system.

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to assess and contrast the marginal and internal adaptation of all-ceramic prefabricated veneers manufactured via the FirstFit guided tooth preparation system against all-ceramic veneers produced using the chairside Computer-Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacture (CAD/CAM) system following identical guided preparation protocols.

Materials And Methods: Two main groups were included, with 16 lithium disilicate veneers per group. Four typodonts were used for the test (FirstFit) and control CAD/CAM groups.

Effects of Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Protein Metabolism and Inflammation in Iraqi Hemodialysis Patients: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The effect of correcting metabolic acidosis on protein metabolism in hemodialysis patients is controversial.

Objectives: To study the effects of oral sodium bicarbonate on protein metabolism and markers of inflammation in acidotic hemodialysis patients. .

Resolving the practical factors in the healthcare system management by considering a combine approach of AHP and ANP methods.

Healthcare System Management (HSM) is a technique for integrating technology in public hospitals. Knowledge of strategies and decision-making issues is crucial for improving hospital services during the HSM implementation since it directly impacts the efficiency of the hospital and the level of the patient healthcare system. To address the research gap, this study presents a hybrid decision making model that combines the Analysis Hierarchical Process (AHP) method and the Analytic Network Process (ANP) to select Balanced Scorecard Policy (BSP) indicators for evaluating HSM application in a resource-limited background.

Lung Ultrasound and Caval Indices to Assess Volume Status in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients.

Volume overload is common in end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and dialysis patients. Hence, the need for objective tools to detect such volume excess. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) is a goal-directed, bedside examination to answer such a specific diagnostic question.

Perception and satisfaction of nephrology education and training in Iraq.

Background: Interest in training in nephrology is declining around the world. This is a particularly worrisome issue for future nephrology practice with the aging population and the increasing number of patients with kidney disease. We wished to understand the perception and measure the satisfaction of Iraqi medical interns regarding nephrology and explore factors affecting career decisions towards becoming a specialist nephrologist.

Living Kidney Donation: Glomerular Filtration Rate-Based Donor Selection Criteria.

Despite different guidelines and recommendations for evaluating the renal function of living kidney donors, there is still no consensus about the best approach. It is uncertain whether to have measured glomerular filtration rate, estimated it, or both. The absolute value, body surface area-dependent, and age-specified estimated glomerular filtration rates have not been consistent across different populations and practices.

The electric power supply chain network design and emission reduction policy: a comprehensive review.

Electrical energy is unique because it must sustain a consistent production and consumption balance. This guarantees that the "generation-transmission-distribution-consumption-storage" electric power supply chain (EPSC) continues to be connected and inseparable through the power system's complete operation. This paper is a type of secondary study.

RSDM-AHSnet: Designing a robust stochastic dynamic model to allocating health service network under disturbance situations with limited capacity using algorithms NSGA-II and PSO.

In the present study, health services networks were classified into low-level hospitals (provision of public health services) and high-level hospitals (providing specialized health services), which are at risk of being disrupted. They refer the patients to high-level hospitals for inpatient visits or emergencies by ambulance. In the present case, patients are divided into two categories: high priority (the category in which immediate service delivery is needed) and low priority.

Relapsing De Novo Membranous Nephropathy.

Allograft membranous glomerulopathy can be a recurrent or de novo disease. Both instead have different underlying immune pathophysiology and disease pattern. While the introduction of ANTI-PLAR2 and THS7A brought new insights into the management of Immune/primary MN, the treatment of de novo MN is not clear.

Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medication in Iraqi Kidney Transplant Recipients During the First Year of Transplant. A Single-Center Experience.

Objectives: Our objective was to measure adherence to immunosuppressive medications among Iraqi renal transplant patients at a single center.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to November 2020 in the outpatient unit of the Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Center in Baghdad's Medical City. Seventy-five adult Iraqi renal transplant recipients were recruited.

Young Transplant Professionals in the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation Region: Challenges and Opportunities.

The power of youth represents the versatility of the Middle East, which has the largest number of youths among other world regions. Therefore, when addressing the future of organ transplantation in this region, the perspectives of young transplant professionals would be invaluable. Organ donation and transplantation in the Middle East face many challenges.

Appointment Scheduling Problem in Complexity Systems of the Healthcare Services: A Comprehensive Review.

This paper provides a comprehensive review of Appointment Scheduling (AS) in healthcare service while we propose appointment scheduling problems and various applications and solution approaches in healthcare systems. For this purpose, more than 150 scientific papers are critically reviewed. The literature and the articles are categorized based on several problem specifications, i.

Insights into Futuristic Renal Medicine.

The revolutionary innovations in biology and information technology influenced many medical and health disciplines. Although it is lagging behind others, renal medicine entered this chain of events. Nephrology and renal transplantation have many inherent challenges that needed to be addressed innovatively to receive these new frontiers in medicine.

Optimization of an appointment scheduling problem for healthcare systems based on the quality of fairness service using whale optimization algorithm and NSGA-II.

Effective appointment scheduling (EAS) is essential for the quality and patient satisfaction in hospital management. Healthcare schedulers typically refer patients to a suitable period of service before the admission call closes. The appointment date can no longer be adjusted.

The impact of artificial intelligence and digital style on industry and energy post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The SARS-CoV-2 virus caused crises in social, economic, and energy areas and medical life worldwide throughout 2020. This crisis had many direct and indirect effects on all areas of society. In the meantime, the digital and artificial intelligence industry can be used as a professional assistant to manage and control the outbreak of the virus.

Biaxial flexural strength of various CAD-CAM glass-ceramic materials.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the flexural strength of three CAD-CAM glass-ceramic materials and to investigate the effect of various surface treatments on their flexural strength.

Methods: 120 rectangular specimens were fabricated from three different types of CAD-CAM ceramic blocks and were divided into three groups: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (Celtra Duo, Group 1), leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Group 2), and lithium disilicate ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, Group 3).

Knowledge and Attitude of People With or Without a Medical Education Regarding Organ Donation and Transplant: A Sample From the City of Baghdad.

Objectives: Organ donation is the driving force for transplant. Awareness about donation and transplant is invaluable for improved transplant services in any country. Our objective was to assess the knowledge and attitude toward organ donation and transplant among medically educated adult Iraqis versus adult Iraqis who were not medically educated, in Baghdad, Iraq.

A rare cause of tumour lysis syndrome and acute kidney injury.

Tumour lysis syndrome is rare in solid malignancies. Here, we report a case of tumour lysis syndrome and acute kidney injury in a 23-year-old female with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Hydration and early dialysis therapy were started with good recovery.

Effect of acidic pH on surface roughness of esthetic dental materials.

Statement Of Problem: Exposure to gastric acid in patients with bulimia nervosa and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) causes demineralization of hard tooth structures. This chemical attack also causes the degradation of dental ceramics, which results in increased surface roughness and reduced strength. However, studies comparing the effect of acidic pH on resin matrix ceramic with other computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) esthetic materials are lacking.

Clinical Relevance of Pretransplant Testing for Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies in Iraqi Renal Transplant Patients.

Objectives: The use of highly sensitive Luminex technology to assess the immunologic risk of renal transplant candidates have greatly added to the ability of stratifying patients and have paved the way to avoid hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection. Our aim was to understand how much the testing for pretransplant anti-HLA antibodies affects the decision for transplant and survival at 1 year posttransplant.

Materials And Methods: From January 2014 to June 2017, 336 transplant candidates were tested by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and by the Luminex platform for anti-HLA antibodies in our nephrology and renal transplant center (The Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq).

Comparison of microleakage between bulk-fill flowable and nanofilled resin-based composites.

Aim: The objective was to compare the marginal leakage (silver nitrate uptake) of nanohybrid resin-based composite (RBC) and two bulk-fill flowable RBCs with specific clinical protocols.

Methods: Four experimental groups of RBC were investigated including conventional composite Filtek™ Supreme in 2 mm increment (FS2), Filtek™ Supreme in 4 mm increment (FS4), Filtek™ Supreme Flowable (BFF), and SureFil SDR flow (SDR). Class II box preparation (4 × 4 × 3 mm) in extracted intact human molars was carried out and restored using the experimental groups, all according to the manufacturers' recommendations except FS4.

Methods and Purposes for Conducting Students' Course Evaluations Reported by North American Dental School and Dental Hygiene Program Leaders: A Preliminary Survey Study.

The aim of this preliminary survey study was to determine the perceptions of leaders of dental schools and dental hygiene programs regarding methods of and purposes for conducting students' course evaluations and their role in course improvement, curriculum design, and faculty assessment. A short electronic survey was distributed in 2016 to the academic deans of all 76 dental schools in the U.S.